Don Quixote · Chapters
Chapters explained
Chapter companions for Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra.
Chapter 1
Translator's Preface
The translator provides an introduction to the work, discussing the challenges and philosophy of translating Cervantes' classic, and setting the stage for the reader's engagement with the text.
Chapter 2
About This Translation
The translator discusses the history of English translations of Don Quixote, critiquing various versions from Shelton to Duffield, and explains his own approach to producing a faithful translation that respects the original's spirit and avoids affectation.
Chapter 3
II: About Cervantes and Don Quixote
This chapter provides a critical analysis of Don Quixote's character, arguing that he lacks individuality and is merely a mouthpiece for chivalric ideals. It contrasts his madness with his virtue, discusses Sancho Panza's development as a more prominent and mendacious figure in the Second Part, and examines the widespread popularity and enduring appeal of the novel across cultures and time.
Chapter 4
Don Quixote Part I
The first part of Don Quixote introduces Alonso Quixano, a man who loses his mind from reading chivalric romances and reinvents himself as the knight-errant Don Quixote. He embarks on his first sally, gets dubbed a knight at an inn, and engages in a series of misadventures including attacking windmills he believes are giants, battling a Biscayan, and freeing galley slaves. Interwoven are tales of love and misfortune involving characters like Cardenio, Dorothea, and Fernando. The part concludes with Don Quixote being tricked into returning home in a cage.
Chapter 5
Dedication
Cervantes dedicates his work to the Duke of Béjar, praising his patronage of the arts and seeking his protection for the book.
Chapter 6
Some Commendatory Verses
This chapter presents a series of commendatory poems written by fictional characters from chivalric romances, praising Don Quixote, Sancho Panza, Dulcinea, and their steeds. The verses celebrate Don Quixote's chivalric ideals, his love for Dulcinea, and his mad yet noble quest, while also humorously commenting on the squire Sancho and the horses Rocinante and Babieca.
Chapter 7
Chapter II: Which treats of the first sally the ingenious Don Quixote made from home
Don Quixote sets out on his first adventure before dawn, riding Rocinante. He worries about not being a knight, but decides to have himself dubbed by the first person he meets. He travels all day, imagining himself as a chivalric hero, and arrives at an inn which he believes to be a castle. The innkeeper and two women help him remove his armor, and he eats a meager meal while maintaining his helmet, convinced he is in a grand castle.
Chapter 8
III
Don Quixote, having prepared himself, asks the innkeeper to dub him a knight. The innkeeper, playing along, conducts a mock ceremony in the inn's yard, with two women assisting. Don Quixote keeps vigil over his armor, fends off carriers who try to move it, and is finally dubbed a knight before departing.
Chapter 9
Of what happened to our knight when he left the inn
Don Quixote, newly dubbed a knight, leaves the inn and decides to return home for money, shirts, and a squire. On the way, he intervenes in a farmer's beating of his servant Andrés, demanding the farmer pay the boy his wages. After Don Quixote leaves, the farmer ties Andrés up again and beats him even more severely. Don Quixote then continues home, content with his first act of knight-errantry.
Chapter 10
V
Don Quixote is found by a neighbor, Pedro Alonso, after his disastrous adventure with the windmills. He is brought home, where his housekeeper and niece express their concern and blame his chivalric books for his madness. The curate and barber decide to burn the books to cure him.
Chapter 11
Of the diverting and important scrutiny which the curate and the barber made in the library of our ingenious gentleman
The curate and the barber, with the niece and housekeeper, conduct a scrutiny of Don Quixote's library, condemning most of his chivalric romances to be burned while sparing a few they deem worthy.
Chapter 12
Of the second sally of our worthy knight Don Quixote of La Mancha
Don Quixote wakes from a dream shouting about a tourney, and the curate and barber calm him. The housekeeper burns many of his books, and the curate and barber wall up the room where the books were, telling Don Quixote a magician named Fristón took them. After fifteen quiet days, Don Quixote persuades his neighbor Sancho Panza to become his squire by promising him an island. They secretly set out at night, with Sancho riding his donkey, and Don Quixote reiterates his promise of a governorship.
Chapter 13
Chapter VIII: Of the good success which the valorous Don Quixote had in the most terrifying and never-to-be-imagined adventure of the windmills, with other events worthy of happy memory
Don Quixote mistakes two Benedictine friars for magicians carrying off a princess in a coach, attacks them, and then fights a Biscayan squire who defends the coach. The battle is left unfinished as the author claims the source material ends abruptly, but a second author later finds the continuation.
Chapter 14
Chapter IX
The narrator describes his frustration at the missing conclusion of Don Quixote's battle with the Biscayan. He discovers the rest of the story in Arabic manuscripts purchased in Toledo, translated by a Morisco. The translation reveals the conclusion of the battle: Don Quixote defeats the Biscayan and forces him to present himself to Dulcinea.
Chapter 15
Of the pleasant discourse that passed between Don Quixote and his squire Sancho Panza
After the battle with the Biscayan, Sancho Panza kneels before Don Quixote and asks for the promised island governorship. Don Quixote explains that this was a crossroads adventure, not an island quest, and promises greater rewards. Sancho worries about the Holy Brotherhood, but Don Quixote reassures him. They discuss the balsam of Fierabras, Don Quixote's oath to avenge his broken helmet, and the nature of knight-errant diet. They end the day at goatherds' huts, where Don Quixote delights in sleeping under the open sky.
Chapter 16
XI
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza are welcomed by a group of goatherds, who share a rustic meal with them. Don Quixote delivers a lengthy speech about the golden age and the virtues of knight-errantry, inspired by the acorns they eat. A young goatherd named Antonio sings a ballad about his love for Olalla. Sancho tends to Don Quixote's wounded ear, and a goatherd provides a herbal remedy.
Chapter 17
XII
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza listen to a goatherd's tale about the death of Chrysostom, a student-shepherd who died of love for the beautiful and independent Marcela. The goatherd describes Marcela's rejection of all suitors and Chrysostom's despair, leading to his burial plans. Don Quixote resolves to attend the funeral.
Chapter 18
Chapter XIII
Don Quixote defends the order of knighthood, explaining its hardships and necessity, and debates with Vivaldo about the practice of knights commending themselves to their ladies. The group arrives at the burial site of Chrysostom, where Ambrosio prepares to burn his friend's writings. Vivaldo intervenes to save some papers, including the 'Lay of Despair,' and reads it aloud.
Chapter 19
XIV
Don Quixote resolves to seek out the shepherdess Marcela after hearing the story of Chrysostom's death. The chapter includes the reading of Chrysostom's despairing verses, which express his torment over Marcela's perceived cruelty. Ambrosio defends Marcela's virtue, explaining that Chrysostom's jealousy and suspicion were products of his own absence and imagination. Marcela then appears and delivers a powerful defense of her innocence, arguing that her beauty does not obligate her to love anyone and that she is not responsible for Chrysostom's death.
Chapter 20
Chapter XV: The Unfortunate Adventure with the Yanguesans
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, after leaving the burial of Chrysostom, rest in a glade where Rocinante attempts to mate with a herd of Galician ponies. The Yanguesan carriers beat Rocinante, and when Don Quixote and Sancho attack them, they are both severely beaten with stakes. The chapter explores Don Quixote's chivalric rationalization of the defeat and Sancho's pragmatic complaints.
Chapter 21
XVI
Don Quixote, bruised from a fall, is taken to an inn he believes to be a castle. The innkeeper's kind wife and daughter, along with the servant Maritornes, tend to his wounds. Sancho Panza explains his master's condition and his own hopes for future rewards. That night, a chaotic brawl erupts when Maritornes attempts to visit a carrier, leading to a series of mistaken blows involving Don Quixote, Sancho, the carrier, and the innkeeper. A cuadrillero of the Holy Brotherhood arrives, and the fight ends in confusion.
Chapter 22
XVII
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza endure a series of misfortunes at the inn, which Don Quixote insists is a castle. Don Quixote recounts a supposed visit from the innkeeper's daughter, but both are beaten during the night. The next morning, Don Quixote refuses to pay for lodging, citing the privileges of knights-errant, leading to Sancho being blanketed by other guests. Don Quixote then concocts a balsam that cures him but makes Sancho violently ill. They depart, with Don Quixote still insisting the inn is a castle.
Chapter 23
XVIII
Sancho Panza, recovering from a blanketing, argues with Don Quixote about the reality of enchantments. Don Quixote insists the inn is enchanted, while Sancho insists the men were real. They then encounter two dust clouds which Don Quixote imagines are armies led by Emperor Alifanfaron and King Pentapolin. Despite Sancho's protests that they are only sheep, Don Quixote charges the flocks, is pelted with stones by shepherds, and is knocked from his horse, losing teeth and breaking his flask of balsam. He blames the disaster on an enchanter who transformed the armies into sheep.
Chapter 24
XIX: Of the shrewd discourse which Sancho held with his master, and of the adventure that befell him with a dead body, together with other notable occurrences.
Don Quixote and Sancho, hungry and weary, encounter a procession of priests carrying a dead body. Don Quixote attacks them, believing them to be phantoms, and injures a bachelor named Alonzo López. After the adventure, Sancho suggests Don Quixote be called the 'Knight of the Rueful Countenance,' a name Don Quixote happily adopts. The chapter also includes Sancho's reminder of a broken oath and the theme of chivalric obligation.
Chapter 25
Of the unexampled and unheard-of adventure which was achieved by the valiant Don Quixote of La Mancha with less peril than any ever achieved by any famous knight in the world
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, seeking water at night, are terrified by a loud noise of water and rhythmic hammering. Don Quixote, believing it a great adventure, prepares to face it alone, ordering Sancho to wait three days. Sancho weeps and begs him not to go. They discover the noise comes from six fulling hammers, not giants. Mortified, Don Quixote strikes Sancho for mocking him, then lectures him on the proper respect a squire owes his knight.
Chapter 26
Which treats of the exalted adventure and rich prize of Mambrino's helmet, together with other things that happened to our invincible knight
Don Quixote mistakes a barber wearing a brass basin on his head for a knight with Mambrino's golden helmet, attacks him, and claims the basin as the helmet. Sancho Panza is skeptical but goes along. Don Quixote then elaborates on his fantasy of becoming a king through knight-errantry, promising Sancho a governorship or countship, while Sancho pragmatically worries about rewards and lineage.
Chapter 27
Of the freedom Don Quixote conferred on several unfortunates who against their will were being carried where they had no wish to go
Don Quixote and Sancho encounter a chain of galley slaves being forced to the king's galleys. Don Quixote, believing it is his duty to help the oppressed, questions each prisoner about their crimes. Despite Sancho's warning that the king's justice is not force but punishment, Don Quixote attacks the guards and frees the slaves. He then asks them to go to Toboso to present themselves to Dulcinea, but Ginés de Pasamonte leads the ungrateful slaves in pelting Don Quixote and Sancho with stones before fleeing. Sancho fears retribution from the Holy Brotherhood.
Chapter 28
Of what befell Don Quixote in the Sierra Morena, which was one of the rarest adventures related in this veracious history
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza enter the Sierra Morena to escape the Holy Brotherhood after freeing the galley slaves. While encamped, Ginés de Pasamonte steals Sancho's donkey, Dapple. Don Quixote consoles Sancho by promising him three of his five ass-colts. They discover a valise containing fine linen, gold crowns, and a memorandum book with a sonnet and a love letter, hinting at a rejected lover's story. Don Quixote interprets the writings, while Sancho rejoices in the gold.
Chapter 29
XXIV
Don Quixote listens to the story of Cardenio, the ragged knight of the Sierra Morena, who begins to recount his tragic love for Luscinda and the events that led to his madness. During the telling, Cardenio's mad fit erupts when Don Quixote defends Queen Madasima, leading to a physical altercation. Sancho Panza fights the goatherd, and Don Quixote pacifies them, then inquires about finding Cardenio again.
Chapter 30
Which treats of the strange things that happened to the stout knight of La Mancha in the Sierra Morena, and of his imitation of the penance of Beltenebros
Don Quixote, having taken leave of the goatherd, enters the Sierra Morena with Sancho, who is discontented at being forced into silence. Don Quixote explains his intention to imitate Amadís of Gaul (and partly Roland) by performing a mad penance in the wilderness, all to prove his devotion to Dulcinea, even without cause. Sancho protests the madness, especially the confusion of a barber's basin for Mambrino's helmet. Don Quixote defends Queen Madasima against Cardenio's slander, then dictates a love letter to Dulcinea, which Sancho is to deliver, along with an order for three ass-colts to be given to Sancho by his niece.
Chapter 31
XXVI
Don Quixote, alone in the Sierra Morena, debates whether to imitate the furious madness of Roland or the melancholy madness of Amadís, ultimately choosing the latter. He makes a rosary from his shirt, writes verses in praise of Dulcinea, and performs penance. Meanwhile, Sancho Panza meets the curate and the barber, recounts his master's actions, and loses the notebook containing Dulcinea's letter. The curate and barber devise a plan to disguise themselves as a damsel and squire to lure Don Quixote home.
Chapter 32
Of how the curate and the barber proceeded with their scheme; together with other matters worthy of record in this great history.
The curate and the barber devise a plan to rescue Don Quixote from the Sierra Morena by disguising themselves as a damsel in distress and her squire. They borrow a petticoat and hood from the innkeeper's wife, and the barber makes a beard from an oxtail. After some debate, the curate decides it is more fitting for the barber to play the damsel, and they proceed under Sancho's guidance. Meanwhile, Cardenio continues his tragic story, recounting how Don Fernando betrayed him by wooing and marrying Luscinda, leading Cardenio to madness and despair.
Chapter 33
XXVIII Which treats of the strange and delightful adventure that befell the curate and the barber in the same Sierra
The curate, the barber, and Cardenio discover a beautiful young woman disguised as a peasant in the Sierra. She reveals herself as Dorothea and recounts how Don Fernando, a nobleman's son, deceived and seduced her with false promises of marriage, leading to her flight and current misery.
Chapter 34
Chapter XXIX
Dorothea, disguised as the Princess Micomicona, approaches Don Quixote and begs a boon: that he accompany her to avenge the usurpation of her kingdom by a giant. Don Quixote grants the request, and preparations are made for their departure. The curate and barber, who are part of the ruse, explain to Sancho that the princess has come seeking his master's aid. Sancho is delighted, hoping Don Quixote will marry the princess and become an emperor. The curate and Cardenio follow at a distance, while Dorothea and the barber lead Don Quixote away.
Chapter 35
Chapter XXX
Don Quixote and Sancho continue their journey after Sancho's return from delivering a message to Dulcinea. Sancho is forgiven for his earlier remarks about Dulcinea, but later provokes Don Quixote's wrath again by suggesting he marry Princess Dorothea. Don Quixote beats Sancho, but eventually pardons him. They encounter Ginés de Pasamonte, who had stolen Sancho's donkey Dapple; Sancho recovers his beloved ass. Dorothea continues her feigned story as the Princess Micomicona, and Don Quixote vows to help her defeat the giant Pandafilando, though he refuses to marry her due to his devotion to Dulcinea.
Chapter 36
Of the delectable discussion between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, his squire, together with other incidents.
Don Quixote interrogates Sancho about his visit to Dulcinea, who Sancho describes as winnowing wheat. Sancho lies about her response, claiming she cannot read and commands Don Quixote to leave his penance and come to El Toboso. Don Quixote rationalizes Sancho's impossibly quick return as the work of a friendly enchanter. The group stops at a spring, where the youth Andrés appears, reminding Don Quixote of his earlier failed intervention on his behalf.
Chapter 37
XXXII Which treats of what befell Don Quixote's party at the inn
Don Quixote's party arrives at the inn, where Don Quixote goes to sleep. The landlady demands the return of her tail from the barber, and the group discusses Don Quixote's madness, blaming books of chivalry. The landlord defends these books, and the curate examines the inn's collection, finding two chivalric romances he deems false and a true history of the Great Captain. The curate then begins reading a manuscript titled 'Novel of the Ill-advised Curiosity' to the company.
Chapter 38
The Ill-Advised Curiosity
Anselmo and Lothario are close friends in Florence. Anselmo marries the beautiful Camilla and, driven by a desire to test her virtue, asks Lothario to court her. Lothario warns against this dangerous plan, arguing that a virtuous woman should not be tempted, but Anselmo insists.
Chapter 39
XXXIV
The novel of 'The Ill-Advised Curiosity' continues as Camilla struggles with her husband Anselmo's absence and Lothario's persistent advances. Despite her initial resistance, Camilla eventually yields to Lothario's seduction. Anselmo returns, unaware of the betrayal, and is deceived by the false appearances maintained by Camilla and Lothario. Lothario, driven by jealousy, later falsely accuses Camilla to Anselmo, proposing a test to expose her supposed infidelity.
Chapter 40
Which treats of the heroic and prodigious battle Don Quixote had with certain skins of red wine, and brings the novel of The Ill-Advised Curiosity to a close.
Sancho Panza bursts in shouting that Don Quixote has slain the giant, but it is revealed that Don Quixote, asleep and dreaming, has slashed wineskins instead. The landlord is furious over the spilled wine. Meanwhile, the novel 'The Ill-Advised Curiosity' concludes with Anselmo's death after his foolish test of Camilla's fidelity, leading to the deaths of Lothario and Camilla as well.
Chapter 41
XXXVI Which treats of more curious incidents that occurred at the inn
New guests arrive at the inn, including a veiled woman and four men. The woman is revealed to be Luscinda, accompanied by Don Fernando. Dorothea recognizes Don Fernando as her husband, and Cardenio recognizes Luscinda. A tense confrontation ensues, but Don Fernando ultimately repents, embracing Dorothea and allowing Luscinda to reunite with Cardenio. The chapter resolves the love entanglements with forgiveness and reconciliation.
Chapter 42
XXXVII
The chapter continues the story of Princess Micomicona, revealing that she is actually Dorothea and the giant is Don Fernando. Don Quixote remains unaware of the deception, believing he has slain a giant. Sancho Panza is distressed as his hopes for a governorship fade. The inn is filled with joy over the resolution of the complicated affairs, except for Sancho. The curate explains Don Quixote's madness to the others, and they plan to get him home. A new traveler arrives, a Christian lately from Moorish lands, accompanied by a Moorish woman, adding a new element to the scene.
Chapter 43
Which treats of the curious discourse Don Quixote delivered on arms and letters
Don Quixote delivers a lengthy discourse on the superiority of arms over letters, arguing that soldiers endure greater hardships and risks, including poverty, danger, and the threat of death, while scholars have easier paths to reward. He laments the invention of gunpowder and artillery, which he believes undermines the valor of knights-errant. The company listens with pity, seeing his rational mind fail only when chivalry is concerned. After supper, Don Fernando asks the captive to tell his life story.
Chapter 44
XXXIX
The captive begins his story, describing his family's origins in the mountains of León, his father's prodigality, and the division of the family wealth among three sons. He recounts his choice to serve the king in the wars, his brother's decision to go to the Indies, and the youngest's choice of the church. He then details the fall of the Goletta and the fort near Tunis, the fierce defense, and the capture of notable Christians, including Don Pedro de Aguilar, whose brother is present among the listeners.
Chapter 45
XL
The captive continues his story, describing life in the Algiers baño, his master's cruelty, and the beginning of his correspondence with Zoraida, a wealthy Moorish lady who wishes to escape to Christian lands and marry him. With the help of a renegade, they plan to ransom themselves and secure a vessel for their escape.
Chapter 46
XLI
The captive continues his tale, describing his interactions with Zoraida in her father's garden, their escape from Algiers by sea, the emotional confrontation with Zoraida's father, and the difficult decisions made during their voyage toward Christian lands.
Chapter 47
XLII Which treats of what further took place in the inn, and of several other things worth knowing.
The captive finishes his story, and a Judge (Licentiate Juan Pérez de Viedma) arrives at the inn with his beautiful daughter, Doña Clara. The Judge is revealed to be the captive's long-lost brother. Through the curate's clever maneuvering, the brothers are reunited, and the Judge warmly embraces the captive and Zoraida. Plans are made for the captain and Zoraida to return to Seville with the Judge. Don Quixote offers to guard the castle, and a beautiful voice is heard singing, enchanting the listeners.
Chapter 48
Chapter XLIII
Don Quixote, standing guard outside the inn, is tricked by Maritornes and the innkeeper's daughter, who tie his hand to a bolt through a hole in the wall, leaving him helpless. Meanwhile, Doña Clara confides in Dorothea about her love for a young man, and the chapter ends with Don Quixote's romantic lamentations to Dulcinea.
Chapter 49
Chapter XLIV
The chapter features a dispute over the packsaddle and basin, with Sancho defending Don Quixote's claim that the basin is Mambrino's helmet. Meanwhile, Don Luis reveals his love for Doña Clara to the Judge, and a barber arrives to reclaim his stolen items. Don Quixote hesitates to intervene in a fight at the inn, insisting only Sancho can act against squirely opponents.
Chapter 50
In which the doubtful question of Mambrino's helmet and the packsaddle is finally settled, with other adventures that occurred in truth and earnest
The barber insists the basin is a basin and the packsaddle a packsaddle, but Don Quixote and his friends, playing along with his delusions, hold a mock vote to declare the basin a helmet and the packsaddle a caparison. The joke spreads, causing confusion and laughter. An officer of the Holy Brotherhood recognizes Don Quixote from a warrant for freeing the galley slaves and tries to arrest him, leading to a scuffle. Don Fernando intervenes, and the dispute is temporarily resolved, though tensions remain.
Chapter 51
Of the end of the notable adventure of the officers of the holy brotherhood; and of the great ferocity of our worthy knight, Don Quixote
The curate persuades the officers that Don Quixote is mad, and disputes are settled, including compensation for the barber's basin and the innkeeper's losses. Don Quixote, believing he must continue his quest, kneels before Dorothea. The company devises a plan to return Don Quixote home: they build a cage, disguise themselves as enchanters, and capture him while he sleeps. A prophetic voice (the barber) foretells his future marriage to Dulcinea and the birth of brave sons, comforting Don Quixote. Sancho Panza, though recognizing the disguises, remains silent. Don Quixote is placed in the cage on an oxcart.
Chapter 52
Of the strange manner in which Don Quixote of La Mancha was carried away enchanted, together with other remarkable incidents
Don Quixote is caged and transported on an oxcart, reflecting on the novelty of his enchantment. Sancho Panza doubts the devilish nature of their companions, noting one smells of amber. The curate and barber, masked, accompany the cart along with officers. Don Fernando and Cardenio hasten their departure. The landlady, her daughter, and Maritornes bid farewell, and Don Quixote consoles them, asserting that such misfortunes befall famous knights. The curate and canon discuss the merits and faults of chivalric books, with the canon praising their potential for displaying a gifted intellect.
Chapter 53
XLVIII
The canon discusses the flaws of chivalric books and contemporary plays, arguing for adherence to artistic rules. Meanwhile, Sancho tries to convince Don Quixote that his enchantment is a trick by the curate and barber, but Don Quixote insists it is the work of enchanters.
Chapter 54
XLIX
Don Quixote defends the historical reality of knights-errant and chivalric romances against the canon's skepticism, citing specific figures and relics. Sancho argues that his master cannot be enchanted because he eats, drinks, and answers questions, but Don Quixote insists he is enchanted. Sancho proposes a plan to free him from the cage, and the party agrees to release him temporarily on his word as a knight.
Chapter 55
Of the shrewd controversy which Don Quixote and the canon held, together with other incidents.
Don Quixote passionately defends the truth of chivalric romances against the canon's skepticism, describing in vivid detail the delights of knightly adventures. Sancho Panza expresses his eagerness to govern the promised county. A goatherd arrives chasing a stray goat and, after being calmed with food and drink, offers to tell a story that he claims will illustrate the wisdom found in rustic life.
Chapter 56
LI
The goatherd Eugenio tells the story of Leandra, a beautiful and virtuous young woman who elopes with the boastful soldier Vicente de la Roca, only to be abandoned in a cave. Her return and subsequent confinement in a convent lead many of her suitors, including Eugenio and his rival Anselmo, to retreat to the mountains, where they lament her loss and rail against women's fickleness.
Chapter 57
LII
Don Quixote, after being brought home, is undressed and put to bed by his housekeeper and niece. The curate warns them to watch him closely to prevent another escape. The chapter then shifts to a quarrel between Don Quixote and a goatherd, which escalates into a physical fight. The commotion is interrupted by a doleful trumpet sound from a procession of penitents carrying an image of the Virgin. Don Quixote, believing a fair lady is being carried off against her will, attacks the procession and is struck down by a penitent with a forked stick. Sancho Panza laments over his seemingly dead master, but Don Quixote revives and agrees to return home with the canon, curate, and barber. The chapter concludes with a note from the author about discovering a leaden box containing parchment manuscripts with epitaphs and eulogies on Don Quixote's life and death.
Chapter 58
Dedication
Cervantes dedicates the second part of Don Quixote to the Count of Lemos, mentioning the impending completion of his work 'Persiles y Sigismunda' and his refusal of an invitation from the Emperor of China to establish a Spanish-language college, citing his ill health and lack of funds, while expressing gratitude for the Count's patronage.
Chapter 59
I
The curate and barber visit Don Quixote, who appears to have recovered his sanity. They discuss statecraft and the threat of the Turk, but Don Quixote's proposal to revive knight-errantry reveals his persistent delusion. He defends the reality of chivalric heroes, leading the curate to doubt his recovery.
Chapter 60
II
Sancho Panza argues with Don Quixote's niece and housekeeper, who blame him for leading the knight astray. Don Quixote calls Sancho inside and asks him to report what the villagers say about him. Sancho reveals that the common people think Don Quixote is mad and Sancho a fool, while hidalgos and caballeros criticize his pretensions. Sancho also mentions that a history of their adventures, written by Cide Hamete Benengeli, has been published, and that the bachelor Samson Carrasco has returned from Salamanca. Don Quixote sends Sancho to fetch the bachelor for more information.
Chapter 61
Of the laughable conversation that passed between Don Quixote, Sancho Panza, and the bachelor Samson Carrasco
Don Quixote anxiously awaits the bachelor Samson Carrasco to learn about a published history of his adventures. Carrasco confirms the existence of a book by Cide Hamete Benengeli, praising Don Quixote's deeds. They discuss the book's reception, including criticisms about missing details like the theft of Sancho's donkey and the fate of the hundred crowns. Sancho interjects with corrections and humor, while Don Quixote reflects on the nature of truth in history versus poetry.
Chapter 62
IV In which Sancho Panza gives a satisfactory reply to the doubts and questions of the bachelor Samson Carrasco, together with other matters worth knowing and telling.
Sancho Panza returns to Don Quixote's house and clarifies the confusion about the theft of his donkey, Dapple, by Ginés de Pasamonte. He also explains how he spent the hundred crowns. Samson Carrasco discusses the inaccuracies in the first part of the history and the possibility of a second part. Don Quixote resolves to make another sally, planning to go to Saragossa for joustings. Sancho expresses his conditions for accompanying his master, and Don Quixote asks Carrasco to compose acrostic verses for Dulcinea.
Chapter 63
Of the shrewd and droll conversation that passed between Sancho Panza and his wife Teresa Panza, and other matters worthy of being duly recorded
Sancho Panza returns home in high spirits and tells his wife Teresa of his decision to accompany Don Quixote on a third sally, hoping to gain a governorship. Teresa argues against his ambitions, preferring that their daughter Mari-Sancha marry within their own station rather than be raised to a countess. Sancho insists on pursuing the governorship and a high match for their daughter, leading to a spirited debate about social mobility and contentment.
Chapter 64
Of what took place between Don Quixote and his niece and housekeeper; one of the most important chapters in the whole history.
Don Quixote's niece and housekeeper try to dissuade him from his third sally, arguing that knight-errantry is fable and fiction. Don Quixote defends the calling, contrasting courtiers with true knights-errant, and delivers a discourse on lineages, virtue, and the paths to honor. Sancho Panza arrives and the two retire for another conversation.
Chapter 65
VII
Sancho Panza negotiates with Don Quixote for fixed wages, but Don Quixote insists on the traditional knight-errant reward system. The housekeeper, alarmed at the prospect of a third sally, seeks help from Samson Carrasco, who instead encourages the departure. After reconciling, Don Quixote and Sancho set out for El Toboso, accompanied partway by Samson.
Chapter 66
Wherein is related what befell Don Quixote on his way to see his lady Dulcinea del Toboso
Don Quixote and Sancho set out for El Toboso to seek Dulcinea's blessing. Sancho describes seeing Dulcinea sifting wheat, which Don Quixote dismisses as an enchantment. They discuss fame, envy, and the motives behind great deeds, with Don Quixote reflecting on Christian and pagan ideals of glory.
Chapter 67
Chapter IX
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza arrive at El Toboso in the dead of night to find Dulcinea's palace. They mistake the church for her palace, and Don Quixote admits he has never seen Dulcinea, only loved her by hearsay. Sancho, fearing his master will discover his earlier false report, persuades Don Quixote to hide in a nearby forest while he returns to town to speak with Dulcinea.
Chapter 68
Wherein is related the crafty device Sancho adopted to enchant the lady Dulcinea, and other incidents as ludicrous as they are true
Sancho devises a plan to convince Don Quixote that three peasant girls are the enchanted Dulcinea and her attendants. After a soliloquy about his master's madness, Sancho pretends to have found Dulcinea and presents a village lass as the princess, leaving Don Quixote perplexed but willing to believe in enchantment.
Chapter 69
Of the strange adventure which the valiant Don Quixote had with the car or cart of the Cortes of Death
Don Quixote, dejected over Dulcinea's enchantment, is consoled by Sancho. They encounter a cart full of actors representing Death, an Emperor, an Angel, and a Devil. Don Quixote initially prepares to attack them for mistreating Dapple, but Sancho persuades him that they are not knights-errant, so Don Quixote refrains. The adventure ends peacefully, and they move on.
Chapter 70
Of the strange adventure which befell the valiant Don Quixote with the bold Knight of the Mirrors
Don Quixote and Sancho encounter the Knight of the Grove (later revealed as the Knight of the Mirrors) during a night in the woods. The two knights discuss love and chivalry, while their squires converse separately. Don Quixote reflects on the nature of drama and life, comparing the world to a stage where death equalizes all. The Knight of the Grove sings a sonnet lamenting his unrequited love for Casildea de Vandalia, and the chapter sets up a forthcoming battle between the two knights.
Chapter 71
XIII
The squires of the Knight of the Grove and Don Quixote converse about the hardships of their service, hopes for rewards, and their masters' madness. They share a meal and wine, with Sancho demonstrating his skill as a wine-taster.
Chapter 72
Wherein is continued the adventure of the Knight of the Grove
Don Quixote encounters the Knight of the Grove, who claims to have vanquished Don Quixote and made him confess that his lady, Casildea de Vandalia, is more beautiful than Dulcinea. Don Quixote, suspecting enchantment, challenges him to a duel at dawn. During the combat, Don Quixote unseats his opponent and discovers that the Knight of the Mirrors is actually the bachelor Samson Carrasco, revealing the power of enchanters.
Chapter 73
XV
The chapter reveals that the Knight of the Mirrors is actually Samson Carrasco, who, in collusion with the curate and the barber, had planned to defeat Don Quixote and force him to return home. Carrasco's squire is Tom Cecial, a neighbor of Sancho Panza. After their failed encounter, Carrasco is injured and resolves to seek revenge, while Tom Cecial abandons the quest.
Chapter 74
XVI
Don Quixote, elated by his recent victory, reflects on his achievements and the possibility of disenchanting Dulcinea. He and Sancho debate whether the Knight of the Mirrors was really Samson Carrasco, with Don Quixote attributing the resemblance to enchantment. They meet Don Diego de Miranda, a gentleman who leads a quiet, pious life and is astonished to encounter a real knight-errant. Don Quixote defends the reality of chivalric histories and engages in a discourse on poetry, advising Don Diego on his son's literary pursuits.
Chapter 75
Wherein is shown the furthest and highest point which the unexampled courage of Don Quixote reached or could reach; together with the happily achieved adventure of the lions.
Don Quixote, mistaking a cart carrying lions for an adventure, insists on facing them. Despite warnings from a gentleman and Sancho, he prepares for battle. The lion keeper opens the cage, but the lion merely yawns, stretches, and lies back down, refusing to fight. Don Quixote claims victory and has the keeper certify his bravery, while Sancho and the others watch in awe.
Chapter 76
Of what happened Don Quixote in the castle or house of the Knight of the Green Gabán, together with other matters out of the common
Don Quixote and Sancho visit the home of Don Diego de Miranda, the Knight of the Green Gabán. Don Quixote meets Don Diego's wife, Doña Christina, and his son, Don Lorenzo, a poet. He engages in a lengthy conversation with Don Lorenzo about poetry and the science of knight-errantry, arguing that it encompasses all other sciences and virtues. Don Quixote's speech alternates between profound sense and apparent madness, leaving his hosts amazed. He advises Don Lorenzo to pursue knight-errantry for fame, and later departs with Sancho.
Chapter 77
In which is related the adventure of the enamoured shepherd, together with other truly droll incidents.
Don Quixote meets two students and two peasants on the road. One student tells him about the upcoming wedding of Camacho the rich and Quiteria the fair, and the despair of Basilio, who loves Quiteria and is heartbroken by the match. Don Quixote reflects on marriage and the importance of wise choice, while Sancho sympathizes with Basilio. The group heads toward the wedding, but Don Quixote chooses to sleep in the fields rather than enter the village.
Chapter 78
Wherein an account is given of the wedding of Camacho the Rich, together with the incident of Basilio the Poor
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza attend the wedding of Camacho the Rich and Quiteria the Fair. The festivities include elaborate dances and performances, including a 'speaking dance' with allegorical figures representing Love, Interest, Poetry, and Liberality. Sancho, ever practical, declares his preference for Camacho's wealth over Basilio's talents, while Don Quixote chides him for his materialism. The chapter sets the stage for Basilio's dramatic intervention.
Chapter 79
XXI
Camacho's wedding proceeds with pageantry, but Basilio interrupts, feigning suicide to win Quiteria's hand. Don Quixote defends the deception, and the marriage is validated.
Chapter 80
XXII Wherin is related the grand adventure of the Cave of Montesinos in the heart of La Mancha, which the valiant Don Quixote brought to a happy termination.
Don Quixote, after attending the wedding of Basilio and Quiteria, offers extensive advice on marriage and honor. He then undertakes the adventure of descending into the Cave of Montesinos, where he claims to have witnessed wondrous sights and spoken with legendary figures. Upon being pulled up, he laments being torn from the delightful vision, and proceeds to recount his experience to Sancho and the cousin.
Chapter 81
Of the wonderful things the incomparable Don Quixote said he saw in the profound Cave of Montesinos, the impossibility and magnitude of which cause this adventure to be deemed apocryphal
Don Quixote recounts his descent into the Cave of Montesinos, where he claims to have fallen asleep and awakened in a beautiful meadow. There he meets the enchanted Montesinos, who shows him a crystal castle and tells him about the heart of Durandarte. Don Quixote also describes seeing three country girls who he believes are Dulcinea and her companions, and he gives four reals to a damsel who begs on Dulcinea's behalf. Sancho and the cousin express skepticism, but Don Quixote insists on the truth of his vision.
Chapter 82
Wherein are related a thousand trifling matters, as trivial as they are necessary to the right understanding of this great history
The translator notes Cide Hamete Benengeli's own doubts about the veracity of Don Quixote's adventure in the Cave of Montesinos, leaving the reader to decide its truth. Don Quixote, Sancho, and the cousin continue their journey, encountering a hermitage and a young page traveling to enlist in the wars. Don Quixote offers advice on the honor of arms versus letters, and they decide to lodge at an inn where a man carrying arms promises to tell curious tales.
Chapter 83
Chapter XXV
Don Quixote and Sancho encounter a man with a divining ape and a puppet show. The man, Master Pedro, claims the ape can divine past and present events, and he reveals that Sancho's wife Teresa is at home hackling flax. Don Quixote suspects Master Pedro has a pact with the devil. The chapter also includes the 'braying adventure' story told by a traveler, about two regidors who try to find a lost ass by braying at each other. Finally, Master Pedro sets up his puppet show for the inn's guests.
Chapter 84
Chapter XXVI
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza encounter Master Pedro's puppet show, which depicts the story of Don Gaiferos and Melisendra. Don Quixote, believing the puppets are real, attacks the show to defend the fleeing lovers, destroying many puppets. He later compensates Master Pedro for the damages, insisting that enchanters made him see the puppets as real. The chapter ends with the group departing the inn.
Chapter 85
Wherein it is shown who Master Pedro and his ape were, together with the mishap Don Quixote had in the braying adventure, which he did not conclude as he would have liked or as he had expected.
Cide Hamete reveals that Master Pedro is actually Ginés de Pasamonte, the galley slave freed by Don Quixote, who stole Sancho's donkey and now poses as a puppet-showman with a supposedly divining ape. Don Quixote and Sancho encounter a group of armed villagers from a town that was mocked for braying like donkeys, preparing to fight another town. Don Quixote delivers a lengthy speech arguing that a private individual cannot insult an entire community, and that taking up arms for such trifles is unjust, urging them to keep the peace.
Chapter 86
Chapter XXVIII
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza argue about Sancho's wages and the promised island, with Sancho exaggerating the time since the promise. Don Quixote scolds him but eventually forgives him. They then seek shelter in a grove near the Ebro river.
Chapter 87
Of the famous adventure of the enchanted bark
Don Quixote and Sancho reach the river Ebro, where Don Quixote insists on boarding a small boat he believes is enchanted and meant to carry him to aid a knight in distress. Despite Sancho's protests that the boat belongs to fishermen, they embark. The boat drifts toward water mills, which Don Quixote mistakes for a castle. The millers try to stop the boat, causing it to capsize and throwing both into the river. They are rescued by the millers, and the boat is destroyed. Don Quixote pays for the damage, lamenting that enchanters have thwarted his adventure.
Chapter 88
Of Don Quixote’s adventure with a fair huntress
Don Quixote and Sancho, dejected after their recent misfortunes, encounter a hunting party led by a beautiful duchess. Sancho delivers a message from his master, and the duchess, familiar with the first part of Don Quixote's history, invites them to her castle. After a comical dismounting mishap, Don Quixote is warmly welcomed by the duke and duchess, who intend to humor his chivalric delusions.
Chapter 89
XXXI Which treats of many and great matters
Sancho Panza, now a favorite of the duchess, tells a long-winded story about seating etiquette at a gentleman's table, much to the irritation of a grave ecclesiastic present. The duke and duchess enjoy the churchman's discomfort and Sancho's impertinence. The duchess asks Don Quixote about Dulcinea, and he laments her enchantment into a peasant wench. Sancho claims to have seen her and praises her agility. Don Quixote is treated with great ceremony at the castle, including being draped in a scarlet mantle and receiving scented water, which makes him feel truly like a knight-errant. Sancho has a minor conflict with a duenna, Doña Rodriguez, over stabling his donkey. At dinner, Don Quixote is seated at the head of the table, and Sancho begins another story about seating.
Chapter 90
Of the reply Don Quixote gave his censurer, with other incidents, grave and droll
At the duke and duchess's table, an ecclesiastic rebukes Don Quixote for being a fool and a madman. Don Quixote defends himself eloquently, arguing that knights-errant follow a noble path of redressing wrongs and pursuing virtue. The duke and duchess laugh at the ecclesiastic's anger, and the duke promises Sancho Panza the governorship of an island. Don Quixote also discusses the nature of Dulcinea, defending her reality and virtue against the duchess's doubts.
Chapter 91
XXXIII
Sancho Panza converses with the duchess, revealing his awareness of Don Quixote's madness and his own role in the Dulcinea enchantment deception. The duchess discusses the enchantment and Sancho's qualifications for governance, while Sancho defends his loyalty and wit.
Chapter 92
XXXIV Which relates how they learned the way in which they were to disenchant the peerless Dulcinea del Toboso, which is one of the rarest adventures in this book.
The duke and duchess, amused by Don Quixote and Sancho, orchestrate a grand hunt and a staged supernatural encounter. A demon messenger announces that the enchanted Dulcinea and Montesinos are coming to instruct Don Quixote on her disenchantment, deepening the confusion between reality and illusion.
Chapter 93
Wherein is continued the instruction given to Don Quixote touching the disenchantment of Dulcinea, together with other marvellous incidents
Merlin appears on a triumphal car and declares that to disenchant Dulcinea, Sancho must give himself 3,300 lashes on his buttocks. Sancho vehemently refuses, arguing that he has no obligation to suffer for Dulcinea's enchantment. Dulcinea, in her restored beautiful form, pleads with Sancho, and the Duke and Duchess pressure him, threatening to deny him the governorship. Sancho asks for time to consider, but Merlin insists on an immediate decision.
Chapter 94
Wherein is related the strange and undreamt-of adventure of the distressed Duenna, alias the countess Trifaldi, together with a letter which Sancho Panza wrote to his wife, Teresa Panza.
The duke and duchess, with their majordomo, orchestrate another elaborate prank involving the Countess Trifaldi (the Distressed Duenna). Sancho reports his progress on the penance for Dulcinea's disenchantment, and the duchess advises him to use a proper scourge. Sancho shares a letter he wrote to his wife Teresa, detailing his adventures and his impending governorship. Trifaldin of the White Beard arrives to announce the Countess Trifaldi's request for Don Quixote's aid, and Don Quixote proudly accepts the call to knightly duty.
Chapter 95
Wherein is continued the notable adventure of the distressed Duenna
The duke and duchess are pleased that Don Quixote accepts their scheme. Sancho Panza expresses his distrust of duennas, recalling an apothecary's warning, but Don Quixote defends the Countess Trifaldi as a noble exception. Doña Rodriguez also defends duennas, leading to a spirited exchange. The duke and duchess decide to receive the countess based on her rank, and the chapter ends with the entrance of the drums and fife signaling her arrival.
Chapter 96
XXXVIII
The Countess Trifaldi, also known as the Distressed Duenna, arrives with a procession of mourning duennas and her squire Trifaldin of the White Beard. She recounts her tale of woe, involving Princess Antonomasia of the kingdom of Kandy and a gentleman named Don Clavijo, whom she helped gain access to the princess. She criticizes poets and troubadours for their deceptive verses, which she blames for her downfall.
Chapter 97
XXXIX
The Distressed One continues her story, recounting how Queen Maguncia died of grief after Princess Antonomasia married Don Clavijo. The giant Malambruno, an enchanter, appears and enchants the lovers, turning them into metal figures, and punishes the duennas by covering their faces with beards. The duennas reveal their bearded faces, causing wonder and amazement.
Chapter 98
XL
The chapter details the preparations for the adventure of the Distressed Duenna, including the description of the magical horse Clavileño and the debate over Sancho's participation.
Chapter 99
Of the arrival of Clavileño and the end of this protracted adventure
The enchanted horse Clavileño arrives, and Don Quixote mounts it with Sancho Panza on the croup, despite Sancho's fears. After a simulated flight with bellows and burning flax, they dismount to find the duennas' beards shaved. A parchment prophecy links the adventure to Dulcinea's disenchantment, and Sancho humorously describes his imaginary view of the earth and the seven goats.
Chapter 100
XLII
The duke and duchess prepare Sancho for his governorship of the promised island. Don Quixote takes Sancho aside and offers him extensive advice on how to govern justly, emphasizing humility, virtue, mercy, and self-knowledge.
Chapter 101
Of the second set of counsels Don Quixote gave Sancho Panza
Don Quixote gives Sancho Panza a series of practical and moral counsels for governing his island, covering cleanliness, dress, diet, speech, and the use of proverbs. Sancho responds with his characteristic proverbs, leading to a humorous exchange. Don Quixote ultimately affirms Sancho's natural instincts and urges him to do right.
Chapter 102
XLIV
Sancho Panza is sent off to his governorship with a large following, while Don Quixote remains at the castle. The chapter includes Cide Hamete's meta-commentary on the narrative structure of the Second Part, the duke and duchess's amusement at Don Quixote's written counsels, and a serenade by the lovestruck Altisidora. Don Quixote, distressed by a torn stocking and missing Sancho, overhears Altisidora's song from the garden.
Chapter 103
Of how the great Sancho Panza took possession of his island, and of how he made a beginning in governing.
Sancho Panza arrives at the island of Barataria, is ceremoniously installed as governor, and presides over a series of comical and shrewd judgments: a dispute over a loan of ten gold crowns, a case of alleged assault and theft, and a quarrel between a laborer and a tailor over caps. His decisions astonish and amuse the onlookers, and are recorded for the duke.
Chapter 104
Of the terrible bell and cat fright that Don Quixote got in the course of the enamoured Altisidora's wooing
Don Quixote, disturbed by Altisidora's advances, prepares for the day and encounters her feigning a swoon. He requests a lute to serenade her, but the duke and duchess plot a trick. At night, they lower a cord with bells and release cats with small bells into his room, causing chaos. Don Quixote fights the cats, one of which latches onto his face. The duke rescues him, and Altisidora bandages his wounds, chiding him for his insensibility. Don Quixote is bedridden for five days.
Chapter 105
XLVII
Sancho Panza, now governor, experiences the absurdities of his new office. A physician prevents him from eating any dish, citing medical aphorisms. Sancho receives a letter from the Duke warning of attacks. A farmer petitions for money for his son's marriage, and Sancho angrily refuses. The chapter ends by returning to Don Quixote recovering from cat wounds.
Chapter 106
Of what befell Don Quixote with Doña Rodriguez, the duchess’s Duenna, together with other occurrences worthy of record and eternal remembrance
Don Quixote, recovering from cat scratches, is visited at night by Doña Rodriguez, the duchess's duenna. She seeks his aid for a grievance, but he initially fears she is a go-between. After mutual reassurances, she recounts her noble origins, her marriage to a squire, and her subsequent misfortunes.
Chapter 107
Of what happened Sancho in making the round of his island
Sancho Panza, as governor of his island, deals with various petitioners and cases during his nightly rounds. He expresses frustration with the demands of office and his strict diet enforced by Doctor Pedro Recio. He hears the story of a young woman who disguised herself as a man to see the world, and adjudicates a dispute between a gambler and a loser, banishing the idle man. He also encounters a witty young weaver who claims no one can make him sleep in prison, leading to a clever exchange.
Chapter 108
Chapter L
A page arrives at Teresa Panza's home with letters and gifts from the duke and duchess, confirming Sancho Panza's governorship. Teresa and Sanchica react with excitement and ambition, while the curate and bachelor Samson Carrasco remain skeptical. The page reads the letters aloud, and Teresa dictates replies, embracing her new status.
Chapter 109
Chapter LI
Sancho Panza, as governor, writes a letter to Don Quixote describing his struggles with hunger under Doctor Pedro Recio, his encounter with a young couple in disguise, and his efforts to govern justly. Don Quixote replies with advice on governance, gratitude, and moral conduct, while Sancho also drafts ordinances for the island's good rule.
Chapter 110
Wherein is related the adventure of the second distressed or afflicted Duenna, otherwise called Doña Rodriguez
Don Quixote, cured of his scratches, decides to leave the castle for Saragossa. At dinner, Doña Rodriguez and her daughter, both in mourning, enter and beg Don Quixote to challenge the farmer who seduced the daughter and refuses to marry her. Don Quixote accepts the challenge, and the duke arranges a formal duel. The page who visited Teresa Panza returns with letters from Teresa and Sancho, which are read aloud, providing news of the village and Sancho's governorship.
Chapter 111
Of the troublous end and termination Sancho Panza's government came to.
Sancho Panza, after a week of governing the 'island' of Barataria, is subjected to a cruel practical joke where he is armored with shields and trampled during a mock attack. Disillusioned and battered, he resigns his governorship, declaring his preference for a simple, free life over the burdens of power. He leaves the island as he entered it: naked and without profit, returning to his old life with Dapple.
Chapter 112
LIV
Sancho Panza encounters his old neighbor Ricote, a Morisco disguised as a pilgrim, who has returned to Spain to retrieve buried treasure. Ricote asks Sancho to help him, but Sancho refuses out of loyalty to the king. Meanwhile, the duke and duchess arrange for a lackey named Tosilos to impersonate the young man who supposedly promised marriage to Doña Rodriguez's daughter, setting up a joust with Don Quixote.
Chapter 113
Of what befell Sancho on the road, and other things that cannot be surpassed
Sancho Panza, having left his governorship, falls into a deep pit with his donkey Dapple. He laments his misfortune, comparing his plight to Don Quixote's enchanted cave adventure. After a night of despair, he is discovered by Don Quixote, who hears his cries and retrieves him with the help of the duke and duchess. Sancho then recounts his governance experience, declaring he prefers serving Don Quixote over being a governor.
Chapter 114
Of the prodigious and unparalleled battle that took place between Don Quixote of La Mancha and the Lackey Tosilos in defence of the daughter of Doña Rodriguez
The duke and duchess, amused by Sancho's governorship adventures, arrange a mock battle between Don Quixote and their lackey Tosilos to defend the honor of Doña Rodriguez's daughter. Tosilos, however, is smitten by the daughter's beauty and yields before the fight, agreeing to marry her. When his helmet is removed, his identity as a lackey is revealed, causing an outcry. Don Quixote blames enchanters for the transformation, and the duke proposes a delay to see if Tosilos reverts to the true husband. The crowd is disappointed by the lack of combat, but the women are content with the prospect of marriage.
Chapter 115
LVII Which treats of how Don Quixote took leave of the duke, and of what followed with the witty and impudent Altisidora, one of the duchess’s damsels.
Don Quixote decides to leave the duke's castle, feeling guilty for his idleness. He takes leave of the duke and duchess, who reluctantly grant permission. Sancho Panza reflects on his lost governorship and his wife's gift of acorns. As they depart, the damsel Altisidora delivers a mocking, lovesick lament accusing Don Quixote of stealing her kerchiefs and garters. Don Quixote denies the theft, and after a playful exchange, the duke and duchess allow them to leave. Don Quixote and Sancho ride out toward Saragossa.
Chapter 116
Which tells how adventures came crowding on Don Quixote in such numbers that they gave one another no breathing-time.
Don Quixote and Sancho, having left the Duke's castle, discuss freedom and gratitude. They encounter laborers carrying religious images (Saint George, Saint Martin, and a patron saint of Spain), which Don Quixote praises as knights-errant. Later, they meet shepherds and shepherdesses in a pastoral setting, and Don Quixote offers to defend the beauty of the ladies present (except Dulcinea) for two days. A herd of bulls then charges and tramples them. After recovering, they are invited to a pastoral gathering where Don Quixote delivers a speech on gratitude and reiterates his offer.
Chapter 117
Chapter LIX
Don Quixote and Sancho encounter two gentlemen, Don Juan and Don Jerónimo, who possess a spurious second part of Don Quixote's history. Don Quixote defends his constancy to Dulcinea and criticizes the false author's errors, including misnaming Sancho's wife. He decides to avoid Saragossa to expose the false history. Later, Don Quixote, despondent after being trampled by bulls, urges Sancho to take lashes for Dulcinea's disenchantment, but Sancho demurs, and they rest.
Chapter 118
LX
Don Quixote and Sancho encounter the bandit Roque Guinart, who spares them after recognizing Don Quixote. Claudia Jeronima arrives seeking refuge after shooting her faithless lover Don Vicente Torrellas. Roque demonstrates a sense of justice by redistributing loot from travelers, and Don Quixote offers him a path to redemption through knight-errantry.
Chapter 119
Of what happened Don Quixote on entering Barcelona, together with other matters that partake of the true rather than of the ingenious
Don Quixote and Sancho, after spending three days with the bandit Roque Guinart, are guided to Barcelona on Saint John's Eve. They witness a grand spectacle of galleys, horsemen, and cannon fire. Upon entering the city, they are greeted by a cavalier who recognizes them from their history, and they are escorted to a large house, though mischievous boys cause them to be thrown from their mounts by placing furze under the tails of Rocinante and Dapple.
Chapter 120
LXII Which deals with the adventure of the enchanted head, together with other trivial matters which cannot be left untold.
Don Quixote stays with Don Antonio Moreno in Barcelona, who devises harmless amusements to showcase his madness. Don Quixote is paraded on a balcony, endures a dancing party where he declares his devotion to Dulcinea, and witnesses the enchanted head that answers questions. He also visits a printing house, criticizes a false sequel to his story, and prepares to see the galleys.
Chapter 121
Of the mishap that befell Sancho Panza through the visit to the galleys, and the strange adventure of the fair Morisco
Don Quixote and Sancho visit the galleys with Don Antonio Moreno. Sancho is subjected to a rough initiation ritual by the crew, being passed from hand to hand. The galley captures a brigantine, and the young rais reveals herself to be a Christian woman named Ana Félix, daughter of Ricote. She tells her story of being forced into exile and her love for Don Gaspar Gregorio. Ricote, disguised as a pilgrim, recognizes her and they are reunited. The general spares the Turks who killed his soldiers at the viceroy's request.
Chapter 122
LXIV
Don Quixote is defeated in combat by the Knight of the White Moon, who forces him to agree to return home for a year and abstain from knight-errantry. The chapter also follows the subplot of Ana Félix and the plan to rescue Don Gregorio.
Chapter 123
Wherein is made known who the Knight of the White Moon was; likewise Don Gregorio's release, and other events
The Knight of the White Moon reveals himself to be Samson Carrasco, who explains his plan to defeat Don Quixote and force him to return home for a year in hopes of curing his madness. Don Antonio laments the loss of amusement. Don Quixote is dejected and bedridden for six days, comforted by Sancho. Don Gregorio and the renegade arrive safely, reuniting with Ana Félix and Ricote. Plans are made for Ana Félix and Ricote to remain in Spain, and Don Antonio departs for the capital with Don Gregorio. Don Quixote and Sancho also prepare to return home.
Chapter 124
Which treats of what he who reads will see, or what he who has it read to him will hear
Don Quixote, after his defeat by the Knight of the White Moon, laments his lost glory and resolves to keep his word and return home for a year of seclusion. Sancho consoles him with philosophical reflections on fortune. They encounter a group of peasants with a wager about a race, which Sancho resolves with shrewd judgment. Later, they meet Tosilos, the duke's lackey, who recounts his punishment and the fate of Doña Rodriguez's daughter. Don Quixote, still believing in enchantments, dismisses Tosilos as enchanted, while Sancho enjoys a meal with him before rejoining his master.
Chapter 125
Of the resolution Don Quixote formed to turn shepherd and take to a life in the fields while the year for which he had given his word was running its course; with other events truly delectable and happy.
Don Quixote, after his defeat, contemplates a pastoral life during his year of retirement. He and Sancho discuss the possibility of becoming shepherds, adopting pastoral names, and living an idyllic life in the countryside. Don Quixote reflects on Altisidora's love and the disenchantment of Dulcinea, while Sancho expresses skepticism about the whipping required for Dulcinea's disenchantment. They arrive at the meadow where they encountered the shepherdesses, and Don Quixote proposes they emulate the pastoral Arcadia, with plans to include Samson Carrasco, the barber, and the curate in their pastoral fraternity.
Chapter 126
Of the bristly adventure that befell Don Quixote
Don Quixote wakes Sancho to urge him to self-flagellate for Dulcinea's disenchantment, but Sancho refuses and praises sleep. A herd of six hundred pigs tramples them, and later they are captured by silent, menacing horsemen who take them to the duke's castle.
Chapter 127
Chapter LXIX
In a grand theatrical spectacle orchestrated by the Duke and Duchess, Altisidora is feigned dead and laid on a catafalque. Sancho is forced to endure smacks, pinches, and pin pricks as part of a mock ritual to revive her, while Don Quixote urges him to bear it for the sake of disenchanting Dulcinea. Altisidora eventually stirs, feigning revival, and thanks Sancho, who is rewarded with a robe and mitre as mementos.
Chapter 128
LXX
Don Quixote and Sancho prepare to leave the duke's castle after the elaborate hoax of Altisidora's feigned death. The chapter reveals that the bachelor Samson Carrasco, having been defeated as the Knight of the Mirrors, has disguised himself as the Knight of the White Moon and defeated Don Quixote, forcing him to return home for a year. The duke and duchess orchestrate the entire Altisidora resurrection scene as a joke, and Don Quixote advises that Altisidora's lovesickness can be cured by honest employment. Sancho, still sore from his earlier torments, longs for sleep and reflects on the absurdity of the enchantments.
Chapter 129
Of what passed between Don Quixote and his squire Sancho on the way to their village
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza journey home after Don Quixote's defeat. Sancho laments not being paid for curing Altisidora, and Don Quixote proposes that Sancho whip himself to disenchant Dulcinea, offering payment per lash. Sancho agrees, and they stop in a grove where Sancho begins the whipping, but he mostly strikes trees and groans dramatically. Don Quixote, moved by Sancho's cries, stops him after about a thousand lashes, fearing for his life. They later stay at an inn where Don Quixote comments on paintings of Helen and Dido, showing his continued chivalric idealism.
Chapter 130
Of how Don Quixote and Sancho reached their village
Don Quixote and Sancho arrive at an inn where they meet Don Álvaro Tarfe, a character from the false Second Part of Don Quixote. Don Quixote convinces Don Álvaro to make a legal declaration that he is not the Don Quixote from that book. They part ways, and Sancho continues his penance of lashes, completing it. They then see their village and return home.
Chapter 131
Of the omens Don Quixote had as he entered his own village, and other incidents that embellish and give a colour to this great history
Don Quixote returns to his village, interpreting a boy's comment and a hare's flight as omens that he will never see Dulcinea again. Sancho dismisses the superstitions. They meet the curate and Samson Carrasco, who accompany them home. Don Quixote tells them of his defeat and his plan to become a shepherd for a year, proposing pastoral names for himself, Sancho, and his friends. The curate and bachelor humorously agree, hoping to cure his madness.
Chapter 132
LXXIV: Of how Don Quixote fell sick, and of the will he made, and how he died
Don Quixote falls ill from melancholy and fever, regains his sanity, renounces chivalric romances, confesses, makes his will, and dies peacefully in his bed, surrounded by his niece, housekeeper, Sancho Panza, and friends.
Chapter 133
Endnotes
The endnotes provide editorial commentary on various aspects of Don Quixote, including historical context, literary allusions, textual corrections, and explanations of proverbs and wordplay. They reference authors such as Defoe, Macaulay, Lope de Vega, and Ariosto, and clarify details about chivalric romances, Spanish literature, and Cervantes' satirical techniques.
