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The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism · Chapter

Part I: The Present Condition of Russia explained

Russell describes the dire state of Russia under Bolshevik rule, focusing on industrial collapse, peasant food shortages, and the oppressive atmosphere in Moscow.

What happens

Russell describes the dire state of Russia under Bolshevik rule, focusing on industrial collapse, peasant food shortages, and the oppressive atmosphere in Moscow. He critiques the Bolsheviks' materialist conception of history and their suppression of democracy, while noting the fanaticism and cruelty that pervade the regime.

Themes in this chapter

  • Materialist Conception of History

    Russell examines how the Bolsheviks apply Marx's materialist conception of history to justify their policies and suppress dissent.

  • Fanaticism and Cruelty

    The chapter highlights the fanatical devotion of the Bolsheviks and the cruelty inherent in their methods of maintaining power.

Characters to notice

  • Lenin

    Russell discusses Lenin's role in the Bolshevik government and his ideological influence.

  • Marx

    Marx's theories are referenced in the context of the Bolsheviks' materialist conception of history.

Key passages

  • “The present condition of Russia is one of almost complete industrial collapse.”

    Russia's industry has nearly entirely broken down.

    Russell sets the stage by describing the economic devastation.

  • “The Bolsheviks have a materialist conception of history, which they apply with fanatical rigidity.”

    The Bolsheviks rigidly adhere to a materialist view of history.

    Russell critiques the ideological dogmatism of the regime.

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