The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers · Chapter
Carneades explained
This chapter details the life and character of Carneades, the eminent Academic philosopher from Cyrene.
What happens
This chapter details the life and character of Carneades, the eminent Academic philosopher from Cyrene. It describes his deep study of Stoic works, especially those of Chrysippus, his focus on ethics over natural philosophy, his powerful oratory, his eccentric habits, his fear of death, and his eventual death at age 85. It also notes that he left no writings of his own, only letters, and that his most famous disciple was Clitomachus.
Themes in this chapter
Death and Legacy
Carneades' fear of death, his desire to imitate Antipater's suicide, and the poetic account of his death are central to the chapter.
Ethics and Self-Control
Carneades focused on ethical topics, let his hair and nails grow due to devotion to discussion, and declined invitations to entertainments.
The Philosopher's Life and Character
The chapter provides a detailed portrait of Carneades' habits, voice, modesty, and eccentricities, illustrating his philosophical persona.
Characters to notice
- Carneades
Main subject of the chapter; a native of Cyrene, student of Stoic works, especially Chrysippus, known for his ethical focus, powerful voice, and fear of death.
- Chrysippus
Stoic philosopher whose works Carneades studied and replied to; Carneades said 'If Chrysippus had not lived, I should never have existed.'
- Clitomachus
Most eminent disciple of Carneades, mentioned as the one to be discussed next.
- Antigonus of Carystus
Mentioned as having died by taking poison, which inspired Carneades to ask for 'some mead' in imitation.
- Phavorinus
Cited as the source for the anecdote about Mentor the Bithynian and Carneades' mistress.
- Apollodorus of Athens
Cited for the chronicle recording Carneades' death in the fourth year of the 162nd Olympiad at age 85.
Key passages
“If Chrysippus had not lived, I should never have existed.”
Carneades acknowledged his debt to Chrysippus, implying that Stoic philosophy was the necessary foundation for his own work.
Illustrates Carneades' modesty and his intellectual lineage from Stoicism.
“Nature, who has put this frame together, will also dissolve it.”
Carneades often said that the natural forces that created his body would eventually destroy it.
Reflects his preoccupation with death and the natural cycle.
“Give me some too. ... Some mead.”
Upon hearing of Antipater's suicide by poison, Carneades asked for a drink, but when asked what kind, he requested mead.
Shows his ironic and perhaps hesitant attitude toward death.