The Diary · Chapter
May 1660 explained
In May 1660, Samuel Pepys records the joyous and politically charged atmosphere aboard the fleet as news of the Restoration of Charles II arrives.
What happens
In May 1660, Samuel Pepys records the joyous and politically charged atmosphere aboard the fleet as news of the Restoration of Charles II arrives. The chapter details the fleet's celebration, the King's declaration from Breda, the voyage to bring the King back to England, and the triumphant landing at Dover. Pepys also notes personal milestones, including his recovery from the stone and his growing confidence with Lord Sandwich.
Themes in this chapter
Political Intrigue and Restoration
The chapter details the political maneuvering behind the Restoration, including Lord Sandwich's secret correspondence with the King and the fleet's public declaration of loyalty.
Naval Administration and Corruption
Pepys's role in drafting votes and proclamations, and his observations of the fleet's command structure, highlight the administrative and patronage aspects of naval life.
Daily Life and Domesticity
Pepys records personal details such as his recovery from the stone, his new suit, and the shipboard routines of eating, drinking, and entertainment.
Characters to notice
- Samuel Pepys
Records the events of May 1660, including his personal health, his role in drafting votes and proclamations, and his interactions with Lord Sandwich and the King.
- Edward Montagu, Earl of Sandwich
Shows Pepys the King's declaration and private letters, consults him on naval matters, and demonstrates his political acumen in managing the fleet's support for the King.
- Elizabeth Pepys
Not directly mentioned in this chapter, but Pepys's domestic life is implied through his references to his wife and household.
- Sir William Batten
Present in the fleet; Pepys mentions visiting his ship and being received with respect.
- Sir William Penn
Present in the fleet; Pepys notes his involvement in the celebrations and council of war.
- Mr. Sheply
Receives £50 from the King for Lord Sandwich's servants, as noted by Pepys.
- Mr. Creed
Mentioned as part of the company aboard the ship, though not a central figure in this chapter.
Key passages
“This day I do count myself to have had full two years of perfect cure for the stone, for which God of heaven be blessed.”
Pepys considers himself fully recovered from his urinary stone condition for two years, and thanks God.
Personal health milestone.
“The King’s letter was read in the House, wherein he submits himself and all things to them, as to an Act of Oblivion to all, unless they shall please to except any, as to the confirming of the sales of the King’s and Church lands, if they see good.”
Charles II's letter to Parliament offers a general pardon and leaves land sales to their discretion.
Key political content of the Declaration of Breda.
“Great joy all yesterday at London, and at night more bonfires than ever, and ringing of bells, and drinking of the King’s health upon their knees in the streets, which methinks is a little too much.”
London celebrated the news with bonfires, bells, and public toasts to the King, though Pepys finds the kneeling excessive.
Public reaction to the Restoration.
“The King speaks of his being courted to come to the Hague, but do desire my Lord’s advice whither to come to take ship.”
Charles II asks Lord Sandwich for advice on where to embark for England.
Secret correspondence between the King and Sandwich.
“I spoke with the Duke of York about business, who called me Pepys by name, and upon my desire did promise me his future favour.”
Pepys speaks with the Duke of York, who recognizes him and promises future support.
Pepys's growing influence at court.
