The Deluge · Chapter
Titles of Rank and Address explained
This chapter explains the hierarchy of military ranks in Poland, specifically the grand hetman and field-hetman, and clarifies the proper translation and usage of terms like 'your worthiness' and the honorifics Pan, Pani, and Panna.
What happens
This chapter explains the hierarchy of military ranks in Poland, specifically the grand hetman and field-hetman, and clarifies the proper translation and usage of terms like 'your worthiness' and the honorifics Pan, Pani, and Panna.
Key passages
“The highest military rank in Poland was grand hetman; next in order came field-hetman, which has appeared inadvertently in these volumes as full hetman.”
Poland's top military rank was grand hetman, followed by field-hetman, mistakenly called full hetman in these volumes.
Clarifies the correct hierarchy and a previous translation error.
“The terms Pan, Pani, and Panna are applied, respectively, to a gentleman, a married lady, and an unmarried lady; they are now equivalent to Mr., Mrs. or Madame, and Miss.”
Pan, Pani, and Panna are Polish honorifics for a gentleman, married lady, and unmarried lady, similar to Mr., Mrs./Madame, and Miss.
Explains the modern equivalents of these Polish titles.