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Short Fiction · Chapter

A Ruler of Men explained

The narrator encounters Kansas Bill Bowers, an old friend selling gadgets on a New York street.

What happens

The narrator encounters Kansas Bill Bowers, an old friend selling gadgets on a New York street. They reminisce, and Bill recounts his time in a tropical country with Barney O'Connor, an Irishman who becomes embroiled in a fake revolution orchestrated as a joke by locals. O'Connor believes he is fighting for a noble cause and a señorita, but the revolution is a hoax. After O'Connor's imprisonment, the narrator helps him escape, and O'Connor returns to New York still believing in the romance of his adventure.

Themes in this chapter

  • Deception and Appearance vs. Reality

    The entire revolution is a hoax orchestrated by locals, and O'Connor is deceived into believing he is a hero fighting for a noble cause.

  • Humor and Irony

    The story is filled with ironic humor, from the fake revolution to O'Connor's continued belief in the señorita's love after the hoax is revealed.

  • Ambition and Failure

    O'Connor's grand ambitions to rule and lead a revolution ultimately fail as the entire plot is a joke, yet he remains undeterred.

Characters to notice

  • Unknown Narrator

    The narrator meets Kansas Bill Bowers on the street and later hears his story about Barney O'Connor.

  • Barney O'Connor

    An Irishman who believes he is leading a revolution in a tropical country, only to discover it is a hoax.

  • Kansas Bill Bowers

    An old friend of the narrator who tells the story of his time with Barney O'Connor in a tropical country.

Key passages

  • I walked the streets of the City of Insolence, thirsting for the sight of a stranger face.

    The narrator wandered New York City, longing to see someone unfamiliar.

    Sets the tone of urban anonymity and the narrator's desire for novelty.

  • The whole world over,' says he, 'the O'Connors have ruled men, women, and nations. To subdue a small and indifferent country like this is a trifle.

    O'Connor boasts that his family has always been rulers, so conquering a small country is easy.

    Highlights O'Connor's inflated sense of destiny and the theme of ambition.

  • The judge lays back in his chair and howls. 'Why,' says he presently, 'that was all a little joke fixed up by the boys around the courtroom...'

    The judge reveals that the entire revolution was a prank organized by local men.

    Key moment of revelation showing the deception at the heart of the story.