Romola · Chapter
Proem explained
The Proem introduces the setting of Florence in 1492, reflecting on the continuity of human experience across centuries.
What happens
The Proem introduces the setting of Florence in 1492, reflecting on the continuity of human experience across centuries. A Florentine spirit from the past returns to the city and observes its enduring landmarks, while the narrative hints at the political and religious turmoil of the era, including the preaching of Savonarola and the legacy of Lorenzo de' Medici.
Themes in this chapter
Historical Change and Continuity
The Proem emphasizes the sameness of human experience across centuries, while acknowledging the changes in political and social life.
Political and Religious Corruption
Savonarola's denunciations of clerical worldliness and the evils of the time highlight the theme of corruption in church and state.
Characters to notice
- Girolamo Savonarola
Mentioned as the Dominican friar preaching in San Lorenzo during Lent of 1492, denouncing clerical corruption and urging charity.
- Lorenzo de' Medici
Referenced as the dying ruler of Florence, whose illness and legacy are part of the historical backdrop.
Key passages
“The great river-courses which have shaped the lives of men have hardly changed; and those other streams, the life-currents that ebb and flow in human hearts, pulsate to the same great needs, the same great loves and terrors.”
The major rivers that have influenced human history remain largely the same, and the emotional currents in people's hearts still respond to the same fundamental needs, loves, and fears.
This reflects the theme of historical continuity, suggesting that despite outward changes, human nature remains constant.
“He was a noteworthy man, that Prior of San Marco, thinks our Spirit; somewhat arrogant and extreme, perhaps, especially in his denunciations of speedy vengeance.”
The spirit reflects that the Prior of San Marco was a remarkable figure, though perhaps too proud and harsh in his warnings of imminent punishment.
This shows the mixed perception of Savonarola, acknowledging his impact while noting his controversial methods.