Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant · Chapter
The Surrender of Vicksburg explained
This chapter details the negotiations and final surrender of Vicksburg, including Grant's firm but magnanimous terms, the paroling of Confederate prisoners, and the respectful fraternization between the two armies as the garrison marched ou
What happens
This chapter details the negotiations and final surrender of Vicksburg, including Grant's firm but magnanimous terms, the paroling of Confederate prisoners, and the respectful fraternization between the two armies as the garrison marched out.
Themes in this chapter
Reconciliation and Magnanimity
Grant's generous terms and the respectful treatment of the defeated Confederate garrison reflect a spirit of reconciliation.
The Horrors and Cost of War
The chapter highlights the human cost of war through the dejection of the Confederate soldiers and the practical challenges of handling over thirty thousand prisoners.
Leadership and Humility
Grant demonstrates decisive leadership by holding final authority while still consulting his commanders, and shows humility in his interactions with Pemberton.
Characters to notice
- Ulysses S. Grant
As Union commander, Grant negotiates the surrender terms, meets with Pemberton, and issues orders for the parole and departure of Confederate prisoners.
- John C. Pemberton
Confederate commander of Vicksburg who appeals to Grant for assistance in keeping his men together and later accepts the surrender terms.
- Edward Ord
Present at the meeting with Pemberton on the hillside near the rebel lines.
- James B. McPherson
Accompanies Grant to the meeting with Pemberton.
- John A. Logan
Present at the meeting with Pemberton as one of Grant's generals.
- David D. Porter
Admiral Porter is notified by Grant to stop hostilities during the surrender negotiations.
Key passages
“Several hundred refused to sign their paroles, preferring to be sent to the North as prisoners to being sent back to fight again.”
Many Confederate soldiers chose to become prisoners in the North rather than sign paroles that would allow them to return to battle.
Illustrates the war-weariness and reluctance to continue fighting among the Vicksburg garrison.
“The men of the two armies fraternized as if they had been fighting for the same cause.”
Union and Confederate soldiers mingled amicably, as though they had been allies rather than enemies.
Highlights the unexpected camaraderie and mutual respect after the surrender.
“I do not favor the proposition of appointing commissioners to arrange the terms of capitulation, because I have no terms other than those indicated above.”
Grant rejects the idea of a formal commission, insisting that his offered terms are final and non-negotiable.
Shows Grant's firmness and clarity in the surrender negotiations.