Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant · Chapter
The End of the War — The March to Washington — One of Lincoln’s Anecdotes — Grand Review at Washington — Characteristics of Lincoln and Stanton — Estimate of the Different Corps Commanders explained
Grant describes the final days of the war, the march of Sherman's army to Washington, and the Grand Review.
What happens
Grant describes the final days of the war, the march of Sherman's army to Washington, and the Grand Review. He reflects on the characters of Lincoln and Stanton, offering a nuanced comparison. The chapter concludes with Grant's personal estimates of several corps commanders, including Meade, Burnside, Hooker, Hancock, Sedgwick, and Terry.
Themes in this chapter
Reconciliation and Magnanimity
Grant reflects on the need for garrisons in the South to ensure obedience to laws and protect all classes, showing a concern for post-war order.
Leadership and Humility
Grant contrasts Lincoln's trust in his generals with Stanton's interference, and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of various commanders.
The Horrors and Cost of War
The chapter notes the devastation of the South and the hardships of war, as well as the psychological impact on civilians.
Characters to notice
- Ulysses S. Grant
Author and narrator; provides orders for troop movements and reflects on the end of the war.
- William T. Sherman
Marches his army from Goldsboro' to Manchester; refuses Halleck's hospitality after being insulted by his orders.
- Henry W. Halleck
Sent to command Virginia; issues orders countermanding Sherman's authority, causing indignation.
- Abraham Lincoln
Described as not requiring a guardian; trusting of his generals and willing to let them execute plans.
- Edwin M. Stanton
Characterized as timid, interfering, and assuming executive functions; contrasted with Lincoln's trustfulness.
- George G. Meade
Praised as an officer of great merit but with a temper; subordinate and brave, though sometimes offensive in speech.
- Ambrose E. Burnside
Liked and respected but not fitted to command an army; admitted his own blunders.
- Winfield S. Hancock
Described as the most conspicuous figure among corps commanders; tall, brave, and beloved by his troops.
Key passages
“I do not know how far this was necessary, but I deemed it necessary, at that time, that such a course should be pursued.”
Grant admits uncertainty about the necessity of leaving garrisons in the South but felt it was the right decision at the time.
Reflects Grant's pragmatic and cautious approach to post-war occupation.
“Mr. Lincoln did not require a guardian to aid him in the fulfilment of a public trust. Mr. Lincoln was not timid, and he was willing to trust his generals in making and executing their plans.”
Grant asserts that Lincoln was not weak or in need of protection; he was confident and delegated authority to his generals.
Grant defends Lincoln's leadership against the common perception that Stanton was his guardian.
“Hancock stands the most conspicuous figure of all the general officers who did not exercise a separate command.”
Grant considers Hancock the most notable corps commander who never led an independent army.
High praise for Hancock's leadership and presence.
