Discourses · Chapter
Discourses explained
A collection of Epictetus's teachings on Stoic philosophy, emphasizing the distinction between what is within our control and what is not, and the importance of rationality, self-examination, and acceptance of divine providence.
What happens
A collection of Epictetus's teachings on Stoic philosophy, emphasizing the distinction between what is within our control and what is not, and the importance of rationality, self-examination, and acceptance of divine providence.
Themes in this chapter
Dichotomy of Control
Central to the Discourses, emphasizing that some things are up to us (our judgments, choices) and others are not (externals like wealth, health, reputation).
Providence and Acceptance
Epictetus frequently argues that the universe is governed by divine reason and that we should accept events as they unfold, trusting in the wisdom of providence.
Characters to notice
- Epictetus
Central figure and teacher of Stoic philosophy throughout the Discourses.
- Socrates
Cited as a model of happiness in adversity and philosophical integrity.
- Hercules
Used as an example of service to God and enduring hardship for a greater purpose.
- Agrippinus
Referenced for his advice to Florus regarding Nero's spectacles, illustrating principled action.
- Zeus
Invoked as the divine authority and embodiment of providence in Stoic cosmology.
Key passages
“Some things are in our power, others are not.”
We have control over our own opinions, choices, and actions, but not over external events or the actions of others.
This opening statement sets the foundation for Stoic ethics and the dichotomy of control.
“If you have any good sense, you will not go to the spectacle of Nero.”
Agrippinus advises Florus to avoid Nero's immoral spectacles to preserve his integrity.
Illustrates the Stoic principle of avoiding situations that compromise one's values.
“What is the business of a good man? To have great thoughts, and to be of use to others.”
The purpose of a virtuous person is to cultivate noble ideas and serve the community.
Reflects the Stoic emphasis on social duty and practical philosophy.