Bulfinch’s Mythology · Chapter
The Triads explained
This chapter introduces the Triads, a unique form of Welsh poetical composition that groups three persons, events, or observations into a single sentence.
What happens
This chapter introduces the Triads, a unique form of Welsh poetical composition that groups three persons, events, or observations into a single sentence. Originally devised as a memory aid, the Triads range from ancient to later compositions. The chapter provides examples of personal triads, including those attributed to King Arthur, and moral triads offering wisdom and reflections on life.
Themes in this chapter
Cultural Transmission and Education
The Triads serve as a mnemonic device to preserve and transmit Welsh cultural knowledge, history, and moral wisdom across generations.
Heroism and the Quest
Several triads celebrate heroic figures and their deeds, such as King Arthur's three heroes in battle and the honorable feasts of Britain.
Characters to notice
- King Arthur
Composer of a personal triad listing his three heroes in battle.
- Merlin
Listed as one of the three principal bards of the island of Britain, also called Merlin the Wild.
- Sir Gawain
Named as one of the three golden-tongued knights of Arthur's court.
- Queen Guenever
Mentioned in a triad as the daughter of Laodegan the giant, with the line 'Bad when little, worse when great.'
Key passages
“I have three heroes in battle: Mael the tall, and Llyr, with his army, And Caradoc, the pillar of Wales.”
King Arthur names his three greatest warriors: Mael the tall, Llyr who commands an army, and Caradoc, the steadfast support of Wales.
This triad exemplifies the personal triads attributed to King Arthur.
“A refusal is better than a promise unperformed.”
It is better to decline a request than to make a promise you cannot keep.
A moral triad attributed to Dremhidydd, emphasizing the importance of reliability.
“The grave is better than a life of want.”
Death is preferable to living in poverty and deprivation.
A stark moral observation from Llenleawg, reflecting on the harshness of a life without resources.
“Sin is bad, if long pursued.”
Persistent wrongdoing is harmful and should be avoided.
A moral triad from Garselit, warning against prolonged sinful behavior.
“The cheek will not conceal the anguish of the heart.”
A person's face cannot hide the pain they feel inside.
A triad by Avaon, son of Taliesin, highlighting the transparency of emotional suffering.
“Greet kindly, though there be no acquaintance.”
Offer a friendly greeting even to strangers.
A moral triad from Llywarch, advocating for kindness and hospitality toward all.