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Bulfinch’s Mythology · Chapter

Runic Letters explained

This chapter describes the Runic letters found on stones in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, their straight-line forms, their use in divination and magic, and their later use for inscriptions in the Norse language.

What happens

This chapter describes the Runic letters found on stones in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, their straight-line forms, their use in divination and magic, and their later use for inscriptions in the Norse language. It also references Gray's ode on the Descent of Odin.

Themes in this chapter

  • Cultural Transmission and Education

    The chapter discusses the transmission of Runic writing and its evolution from magical use to historical inscriptions, reflecting the preservation of cultural knowledge.

Characters to notice

  • Odin

    Referenced in Gray's ode on the Descent of Odin, which describes the use of Runic letters for incantation.

Key passages

  • Facing to the northern clime, Thrice he traced the Runic rhyme; Thrice pronounced, in accents dread, The thrilling verse that wakes the dead, Till from out the hollow ground Slowly breathed a sullen sound.

    Odin faces north, traces the Runic rhyme three times, and chants a terrifying verse that raises the dead, causing a hollow sound to emerge from the ground.

    This passage from Gray's ode illustrates the use of Runic letters for necromancy.