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With the Empress Dowager of China · Chapter

Endnotes explained

The endnotes provide supplementary explanations and clarifications, including a poetic tribute to the Empress Dowager, notes on Chinese customs and language, and a reflection on the Boxer uprising.

What happens

The endnotes provide supplementary explanations and clarifications, including a poetic tribute to the Empress Dowager, notes on Chinese customs and language, and a reflection on the Boxer uprising.

Themes in this chapter

  • Cultural Identity and Tradition

    The endnotes explain Chinese customs and the significance of filial piety, reflecting cultural traditions.

  • Nationalism and Patriotism

    The endnotes discuss the Boxer movement as an awakening of Chinese patriotism.

  • Observation and Interpretation

    The author provides clarifications and interpretations of Chinese practices and the Empress Dowager's actions.

Characters to notice

  • Empress Dowager Tze-Hsi

    Subject of the poetic tribute and central figure in the endnotes' clarifications.

  • Katherine A. Carl

    Author of the endnotes, providing personal observations and clarifications.

  • Emperor Kwang-Hsu

    Mentioned in the context of filial piety and the Empress Dowager's birthday prostrations.

  • Emperor Hsien-Feng

    Referenced as the uncle of the Emperor and husband of the Empress Dowager.

  • Confucius

    Quoted on purity, linking to the Manchu dynasty's name.

Key passages

  • Her Majesty said my individuality was not lost in these costumes, and that I was clothed in attire suitable to the Chinese interior.

    The Empress Dowager assured me that my personality was preserved in the new attire, which was appropriate for the Chinese setting.

    Clarifies the Empress Dowager's intention in designing costumes for the author.

  • It has been said by foreigners, that Her Majesty the Empress Dowager obliges the Emperor and Empress to make the prostrations before her on her Birthday as an indignity to them and to show her authority. The truth is, that every son in China kneels before his parents on their birthdays...

    Foreigners have misinterpreted the Emperor's prostrations as a humiliation, but in China it is a customary act of filial piety.

    Corrects a common foreign misconception about Chinese customs.

With the Empress Dowager of China — Endnotes Explained