When God Laughs · Chapter
The Apostate explained
Johnny, a young boy, is forced awake by his mother to work at the jute mill.
What happens
Johnny, a young boy, is forced awake by his mother to work at the jute mill. He endures a grim morning routine and a long walk to the factory, where he performs repetitive, exhausting labor. After collapsing from exhaustion, he is sent home, and later he leaves the city, lying in a field and eventually climbing into an empty boxcar, smiling in the darkness.
Themes in this chapter
Satiety and Desire
Johnny's hunger for rest and his illusion that the coffee is excellent highlight his limited desires and the deprivation of his life.
Class and Exploitation
Johnny's forced labor at the mill, the threat of being docked, and his mother's sacrifice of her own food illustrate the exploitation of the working class.
Survival and Sacrifice
Johnny and his mother sacrifice basic comforts and health for survival, with Johnny enduring exhaustion and his mother giving him her own bread.
Characters to notice
- Johnny Sheehan
The boy forced to work at the jute mill; he collapses from exhaustion and later escapes by train.
Key passages
“Now I wake me up to work; I pray the Lord I may not shirk. If I should die before the night, I pray the Lord my work's all right. Amen.”
Johnny's twisted version of a child's bedtime prayer reflects his life of forced labor.
This parody prayer sets the tone for the chapter's theme of exploitation.
“He did not walk like a man. He did not look like a man. He was a travesty of the human.”
Johnny's physical appearance and gait are so deformed by labor that he seems less than human.
This description emphasizes the dehumanizing effect of industrial work.