All chapters

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus · Chapter

4.242 explained

Wittgenstein argues that identity statements of the form 'a = b' are merely notational conveniences that do not convey any factual content about the meanings of the signs involved.

What happens

Wittgenstein argues that identity statements of the form 'a = b' are merely notational conveniences that do not convey any factual content about the meanings of the signs involved.

Themes in this chapter

  • Nonsense and Meaning

    Identity statements are shown to be pseudo-propositions that assert nothing about meaning.

Characters to notice

  • Mr. Wittgenstein

    Author of the proposition, presenting his view on identity statements.

Key passages

  • Expressions of the form “ a = b ” are therefore only expedients in presentation: They assert nothing about the meaning of the signs “ a ” and “ b ”.

    Statements like 'a equals b' are just tools for convenience in writing; they don't actually say anything about what the symbols 'a' and 'b' mean.

    Clarifies Wittgenstein's view that identity is not a substantive relation.