Thus Spoke Zarathustra · Chapter
XIII explained
Zarathustra warns against forcing virtue beyond one's nature, urging people to walk in the footsteps of their fathers' virtues and vices rather than pretending to be saints where they are not.
What happens
Zarathustra warns against forcing virtue beyond one's nature, urging people to walk in the footsteps of their fathers' virtues and vices rather than pretending to be saints where they are not. He criticizes the folly of demanding chastity from those whose lineage inclines toward indulgence, and he questions the holiness of monasteries, suggesting that solitude can unleash the brute within.
Themes in this chapter
Critique of Herd Morality
Zarathustra rejects universal moral prescriptions, arguing that virtue must align with one's inherited nature and not be imposed from without.
The Body and the Earth
Emphasizes the bodily and earthly roots of virtue, warning against the 'filthier' saints who deny their natural impulses.
Characters to notice
- Zarathustra
Delivers a discourse on virtue, heredity, and the dangers of forced holiness.
Key passages
“Be not virtuous beyond your powers! And seek nothing from yourselves opposed to probability!”
Do not try to be more virtuous than you are capable of, and do not demand of yourself what goes against your natural tendencies.
Zarathustra advises against striving for an unrealistic or unnatural virtue.
“He whose fathers were inclined for women, and for strong wine and flesh of wildboar swine; what would it be if he demanded chastity of himself? A folly would it be!”
If your ancestors were given to sensual pleasures, it would be foolish to force yourself into chastity.
Zarathustra uses a vivid example to argue that virtue should be consistent with one's hereditary disposition.
“In solitude there groweth what anyone bringeth into it—also the brute in one’s nature. Thus is solitude inadvisable unto many.”
Solitude amplifies whatever is within a person, including their animalistic side, so it is not suitable for everyone.
Zarathustra warns that solitude can be dangerous for those who cannot tame their inner beast.