The Red and the Black · Chapter
Chapter XIII. The Open Work Stockings explained
Julien returns from his visit to Fouqué, and his perspective has shifted.
What happens
Julien returns from his visit to Fouqué, and his perspective has shifted. He becomes aware of Madame de Rênal's deep feelings for him, but his own pride and ambition complicate his response. He decides to pursue her as a matter of duty to himself, rather than genuine affection, while Madame de Rênal struggles with her newfound passion and the fear of losing him.
Themes in this chapter
Class and Aristocratic Prejudice
Julien's internal conflict over the phrase 'well-born' underscores the deep-seated class prejudice he faces, even from Madame de Rênal, and his own sensitivity to his lowly origins.
Love as Power Struggle
Julien views his pursuit of Madame de Rênal as a strategic conquest, a duty to his own pride, rather than an expression of genuine affection, turning love into a battle for dominance.
Self-Identity and Authenticity
Julien's struggle with his own identity as a 'labourer's son' and his desire to rise above his station leads him to adopt a calculating persona, suppressing his authentic feelings.
Characters to notice
- Julien Sorel
Returns from visiting Fouqué, feeling changed and more confident. He notices Madame de Rênal's affection but is preoccupied with his own pride and ambition, deciding to pursue her as a duty.
- Madame de Rênal
Has been tormented during Julien's absence and is now visibly in love. She dresses up for his return and is overwhelmed by her feelings, fearing he might leave.
- Madame Derville
Observes her friend's behavior and realizes Madame de Rênal is in love with Julien, understanding the symptoms of her malady.
- Fouqué
Mentioned as having shared confidences with Julien about his own love affairs, which influences Julien's thinking about women and romance.
Key passages
“A novel: a mirror which one takes out on one’s walk along the high road.— Saint-Réal”
A novel is like a mirror carried along a public road, reflecting the world as it is.
This epigraph sets the tone for the chapter, suggesting that the story reflects real social dynamics.
““That woman loves me,” he said to himself! “But after this temporary moment of weakness, for which her pride is no doubt reproaching her, and as soon as she has ceased fearing that I shall leave, she will be as haughty as ever.””
Julien realizes Madame de Rênal loves him, but he believes her affection is a momentary lapse that her pride will soon correct, making her distant again.
Julien's cynical view of Madame de Rênal's feelings reveals his own defensive pride and lack of trust.
““I owe it to myself to be her lover.””
Julien feels a personal obligation to become Madame de Rênal's lover, as a matter of self-respect.
This decision is driven by his ambition and wounded pride, not by genuine love.