The Iron Heel · Chapter
The Philomaths explained
Ernest Everhard delivers a fiery indictment of the capitalist class before the Philomath Club, accusing them of mismanaging society and warning of a coming revolution.
What happens
Ernest Everhard delivers a fiery indictment of the capitalist class before the Philomath Club, accusing them of mismanaging society and warning of a coming revolution. He challenges Colonel Van Gilbert and other members to answer his charges, but they evade the issue with emotional outbursts and logical fallacies. Ernest exposes their hypocrisy, materialism, and moral corruption, contrasting them with the clean, noble, and alive revolutionists. He describes the international socialist army of twenty-five million, declaring that they will take power and force the ruling class to work.
Themes in this chapter
Class Struggle and the Rise of Oligarchy
Ernest directly confronts the capitalist class, accusing them of mismanaging society and threatening to take their power and wealth.
Ideology, Propaganda, and the Control of Thought
Ernest exposes the logical fallacies and emotional evasions of the Philomaths, highlighting how the ruling class avoids intellectual accountability.
Corruption of Institutions (Church, State, Labor)
Ernest details the hypocrisy of capitalists who invoke religion while exploiting workers, bribing officials, and adulterating food.
The Dehumanizing Nature of Capitalism
Ernest describes the masters as grossly material, morally rotten, and living in an 'arid desert of commercialism,' contrasting them with the clean, noble revolutionists.
Characters to notice
- Ernest Everhard
Delivers a powerful speech indicting the capitalist class, challenges Colonel Van Gilbert and others, and describes the international socialist revolution.
- Avis Everhard
Narrates the scene, observing the reactions of the Philomath Club members and Ernest's rhetorical prowess.
- Colonel Van Gilbert
Presides over the discussion, becomes emotionally agitated, fails to answer Ernest's charges, and resorts to personal attacks.
- Philip Wickson
Speaks at the end of the discussion, criticizing his own class for their weak arguments and pointing to Ernest as a serious threat.
- Miss Brentwood
Shows hysteria and worry at Ernest's boldness, having brought him before the Philomath Club.
- Mrs. Pertonwaithe
Her spacious walls are the setting for the chaotic discussion.
Key passages
“You have failed in your management. You have made a shambles of civilization. You have been blind and greedy.”
Ernest accuses the capitalist class of mismanaging society and being greedy.
Ernest's opening indictment of the ruling class.
“A million and a half of the men of the working class say that they are going to get the rest of the working class to join with them and take the management away from you. This is the revolution, my masters. Stop it if you can.”
Ernest declares that the working class will seize control from the capitalists, calling it the revolution.
Ernest's revolutionary threat to the Philomath Club.
“I met men who invoked the name of the Prince of Peace in their diatribes against war, and who put rifles in the hands of Pinkertons with which to shoot down strikers in their own factories.”
Ernest exposes the hypocrisy of capitalists who preach peace but use violence against workers.
Example of moral corruption Ernest observed among the ruling class.
“We want all that you possess. We will be content with nothing less than all that you possess. We want in our hands the reins of power and the destiny of mankind.”
Ernest states the revolutionaries' demand for total control of wealth and power.
Ernest's declaration of the socialist army's goals.
