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The Inferno · Chapter

Extracts from My Journal explained

The narrator, isolated and suffering, reflects on his spiritual crisis and his relationship with an unknown friend who serves as a mentor and critic.

What happens

The narrator, isolated and suffering, reflects on his spiritual crisis and his relationship with an unknown friend who serves as a mentor and critic. He recounts a past conflict with a friend who tried to have him committed, and describes his current paranoia and experiments in Paris, including a suicide attempt with cyanide and an attempt to make gold.

Themes in this chapter

  • Isolation and Paranoia

    The narrator experiences extreme loneliness, paranoia about neighbors and the unknown man, and feels persecuted.

  • Guilt and Redemption

    The narrator confesses his sin of hubris (ὕβρις) and seeks to own himself wrong, crushed by the invisible hand.

  • The Invisible and the Occult

    The narrator discusses the powers as living personalities, his secret friend as a messenger of Providence, and references theosophy and Madame Blavatsky.

Characters to notice

  • The Unknown

    The narrator, isolated and paranoid, reflects on his suffering and spiritual crisis.

  • Madame Blavatsky

    Mentioned as a theosophist teacher recommended by the unknown friend.

  • Popoffsky

    Referenced during the Popoffsky episode; the narrator fears Popoffsky may be a murderer.

  • Providence

    The narrator acknowledges Providence as guiding his destiny and protecting him.

  • Sphinx

    The narrator mentions solving the riddle of the Sphinx as a metaphor for his scientific hubris.

  • Orpheus

    The narrator compares himself to Orpheus, attempting to reanimate nature.

Key passages

  • I had sinned through conceit, through ὕβρις , the one sin which the gods do not forgive.

    I had committed the sin of hubris, the one sin the gods never forgive.

    The narrator acknowledges his arrogance as the root of his suffering.

  • The killing of the Ego is self-murder.

    Destroying the self is equivalent to suicide.

    The narrator defends the cultivation of the ego against theosophical self-denial.

  • In order to learn to know the boundary between life and death, I lie on the bed, uncork the flask containing cyanide of potassium, and let its poisonous perfume stream out.

    To explore the line between life and death, I uncorked a flask of cyanide and inhaled its fumes.

    The narrator attempts suicide but is interrupted, seeing it as the powers denying him release.