All chapters

The Good Companions · Chapter

II explained

Jess Oakroyd reflects on his daughter Lily's absence after her marriage and departure, while riding a tram with Mrs.

What happens

Jess Oakroyd reflects on his daughter Lily's absence after her marriage and departure, while riding a tram with Mrs. Buttershaw. He receives news about his son Leonard, who works as a barber and is seen as a 'swankpot.' At home, Leonard and his friend Albert discuss lodgings, but Jess resists taking Albert in. Jess tears up Lily's letter, feeling isolated and longing for escape.

Themes in this chapter

  • Escape and Transformation

    Jess Oakroyd dreams of escaping his drab life and joining his daughter in Canada, symbolized by the magical transformation of Bruddersford in the autumn sunlight.

  • Social Class and Inequality

    The chapter highlights class distinctions within the working class, from the respectable Ogden Street to the 'passage houses,' and the economic struggles of characters like Leonard and Albert.

  • Illusion vs. Reality

    The beautiful sunset transforms Bruddersford into a magical place, but Jess's reality is one of loneliness and dissatisfaction, contrasting the illusion of beauty with his grim home life.

Characters to notice

  • Jess Oakroyd

    Rides the tram, reflects on missing his daughter Lily, and feels trapped in his home life.

  • Mrs. Buttershaw

    Sits with Jess on the tram, discusses Lily and Leonard, and criticizes Leonard's appearance.

  • Leonard Oakroyd

    Jess's son, a barber who dresses flashily and is seen as a 'swankpot' by others.

  • Albert Tuggridge

    Leonard's friend, a clerk who tries to persuade Jess to take him as a lodger.

  • Mrs. Oakroyd

    Jess's wife, who dotes on Leonard and supports the idea of Albert lodging with them.

  • Lily Jack

    Jess's daughter who has married and moved away; her letter is a source of longing for Jess.

Key passages

  • The early autumn sunlight was bent on working a miracle. A moment of transformation had arrived. It hushed and gilded the moors above, and then, just when Mr. Oakroyd’s tram reached the centre of the town... it touched Bruddersford. All the spaces of the town were filled with smoky gold.

    The autumn sunset briefly transforms the industrial town into a golden, magical place, offering a moment of beauty amid the drabness.

    This passage underscores the theme of escape and transformation, as Jess experiences a fleeting vision of a better world.

  • He had secretly hoped it would contain an invitation to him to go out there. He was ready to go at a word. A handy man like him could easily get work there. Six months’ full time at the mill would easily raise the passage money. But no invitation had come, not a word about it.

    Jess hoped his daughter Lily would invite him to Canada, but her letter contained no such offer, leaving him disappointed and stuck in his current life.

    This reveals Jess's desire for escape and his sense of being trapped in his circumstances.