IV explained

What happens

Themes in this chapter

• Addiction and Self-Destruction

  Alexei's reckless gambling, losing all money in a 'challenge to Fate,' illustrates self-destructive impulses.

• European vs. Russian Identity

  Alexei's argument with the General and de Griers contrasts Russian 'ineptitude' with German 'method of heaping up riches.'

• Money and Moral Corruption

  The pursuit of quick wealth through roulette and the General's financial straits highlight moral decay.

Characters to notice

• Alexei Ivanovitch

  Narrates the day's events; gambles for Polina, loses her money, and argues about Russian vs. German character.

• Polina Alexandrovna

  Entrusts Alexei with 600 gülden to gamble; remains silent during the lunch debate.

• The General

  Shows unease at Alexei's losses and scolds him for criticizing Russia.

• Mlle. Blanche

  Observes Alexei at the casino and shows him more attention at lunch.

• De Griers

  Questions Alexei about his losses; engages in a sharp exchange about Russian gambling.

• Mr. Astley

  Observes the roulette table all morning without betting, pointing out patterns to Alexei.

Key passages

• “Today has been a day of folly, stupidity, and ineptness.”

  The day was marked by foolish and clumsy actions.

  Alexei opens the chapter with self-criticism.

• “I have an idea that, last night, he and the Frenchman had a sharp encounter with one another.”

  I suspect the General and de Griers argued heatedly last night.

  Alexei speculates about a conflict between the General and de Griers.

• “I would rather live a wandering life in tents than bow the knee to a German idol!”

  I prefer a nomadic existence over submitting to German ideals of wealth.

  Alexei expresses his disdain for German materialism.