The Gadfly · Chapter
VII explained
The Gadfly is court-martialed and executed at sunrise.
What happens
The Gadfly is court-martialed and executed at sunrise. He faces death with defiance and humor, refusing absolution and asking not to be tied or blindfolded. After his death, Montanelli is devastated, and Martini learns the news from Marcone. Gemma, having already heard, confronts the reality of the loss.
Themes in this chapter
Suffering and Redemption
The Gadfly's execution is a culmination of his suffering; his defiance and refusal of absolution challenge traditional redemption.
Revolution and Political Idealism
The Gadfly's death is a martyrdom for the revolutionary cause; his final words about field-guns underscore the ongoing struggle.
Betrayal and Deception
Montanelli's informal consent to the execution and the Gadfly's rejection of the priest highlight themes of betrayal and deception.
Characters to notice
- The Gadfly
Court-martialed and executed; faces death with defiance, refuses priest, asks not to be tied or blindfolded.
- Canon Montanelli
Devastated by the Gadfly's death; stares at the body in shock and repeats 'He is dead.'
- Martini
Learns of the Gadfly's execution from Marcone; struggles with how to tell Gemma.
- Gemma Warren
Already knows of the execution; confronts Martini with the news.
- Colonel Ferrari
Presides over the court-martial and execution; shows some pity but follows orders.
- Marcone
Brings news of the execution to Martini; was involved in a failed rescue plan.
Key passages
“The court-martial was held on Tuesday morning. It was a very short and simple affair; a mere formality, occupying barely twenty minutes.”
The trial was brief and perfunctory, lasting only twenty minutes.
Highlights the lack of due process and predetermined outcome.
“I am an atheist. I want nothing but to be left in peace.”
The Gadfly declares he is an atheist and refuses the priest's offer of confession.
Shows his rejection of religious consolation and his defiance.
“A bad shot, men! Have another try.”
After the first volley, the Gadfly taunts the soldiers to shoot again.
Demonstrates his courage and contempt for his executioners.
“Padre—is your—God—satisfied?”
The Gadfly asks Montanelli if his God is now satisfied with the sacrifice.
A final, bitter accusation against Montanelli's faith and role.