The Federalist Papers · Chapter
LXXII: The Same Subject Continued, and Re-Eligibility of the Executive Considered explained
Hamilton argues for the re-eligibility of the executive, contending that a limited term with exclusion would undermine stability, discourage good behavior, tempt corruption, waste valuable experience, and endanger national security during c
What happens
Hamilton argues for the re-eligibility of the executive, contending that a limited term with exclusion would undermine stability, discourage good behavior, tempt corruption, waste valuable experience, and endanger national security during crises. He emphasizes that allowing the people to continue a worthy chief magistrate promotes a wise and stable administration.
Themes in this chapter
Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances
Hamilton discusses the executive's role in administration and the need for stability, linking re-eligibility to effective governance within the constitutional framework.
Human Nature and the Capacity for Self-Government
The argument relies on human motivations such as ambition, avarice, and love of fame, showing how institutional design must account for these traits.
Republican Government and Representation
Hamilton emphasizes the people's right to continue a trusted executive, reflecting republican principles of popular consent and representation.
Characters to notice
- Publius
The authorial voice presenting the argument for re-eligibility of the executive.
- Alexander Hamilton
The presumed author of this Federalist Paper, advocating for executive re-eligibility.
Key passages
“The administration of government, in its largest sense, comprehends all the operations of the body politic, whether legislative, executive, or judiciary; but in its most usual, and perhaps its most precise signification, it is limited to executive details, and falls peculiarly within the province of the executive department.”
Government administration broadly includes all branches, but specifically refers to executive tasks like managing foreign affairs, finance, and military operations.
Hamilton defines the scope of executive administration to frame his argument for stability.
“There are few men who would not feel much less zeal in the discharge of a duty when they were conscious that the advantages of the station with which it was connected must be relinquished at a determinate period, than when they were permitted to entertain a hope of obtaining, by meriting, a continuance of them.”
Most people are less motivated to do their duty if they know they will lose their position after a fixed term, compared to when they can hope to earn reappointment through good performance.
Hamilton argues that re-eligibility incentivizes diligent service.
“Even the love of fame, the ruling passion of the noblest minds, which would prompt a man to plan and undertake extensive and arduous enterprises for the public benefit, requiring considerable time to mature and perfect them, if he could flatter himself with the prospect of being allowed to finish what he had begun, would, on the contrary, deter him from the undertaking, when he foresaw that he must quit the scene before he could accomplish the work.”
The desire for lasting reputation drives great leaders to undertake long-term projects, but if they know they must leave before completion, they will be discouraged from starting such efforts.
Hamilton highlights how exclusion from re-election undermines ambitious public service.