Character guide

Germany

major

Also known as herself, its

Central nation and focal point of the treaty's economic consequences.

Unknown

major

Also known as mine, myself

Unidentified narrative voice or generic referent throughout the book.

Clemenceau

major

Also known as M. Clemenceau, the Carthaginian Peace of M. Clemenceau

French premier who pushed for harsh terms against Germany.

The Allies

supporting

Also known as themselves, their

Coalition of victorious nations imposing the peace treaty.

Europe

supporting

Also known as itself, herself, its

Continent personified as a collective entity affected by the war.

The Germans

supporting

Also known as Germans, the retreating Germans, some Germans, The Germans

German people as a collective group in the narrative.

Mr. Lloyd George

major

Also known as a Lloyd George, Mr. George, Lloyd George, George

British prime minister during the peace negotiations.

Wilson

major

Also known as President Wilson, President

American president who advocated for the League of Nations.

M. Klotz

supporting

Also known as poor M. Klotz, M. Klotz

French finance minister involved in reparation discussions.

The French

supporting

Also known as their

French people as a collective national entity.

Mr. Hoover

supporting

Also known as Mr. Hoover

American relief administrator during and after the war.

Sir Eric Geddes

minor

British politician and transport expert at the peace conference.

America

supporting

Also known as herself

United States personified as a national actor.

M. Bilinski

minor

Austro-Hungarian finance minister mentioned in context.

England

minor

Also known as herself

England personified as a national entity.

Mr. Hughes

minor

Australian prime minister at the peace conference.

Dr. Diouritch

minor

Expert on Balkan economics cited in the text.

Lenin

minor

Russian revolutionary leader mentioned as a historical figure.

Dr. Stamp

minor

British economist involved in reparation calculations.

M. Loucheur

minor

Also known as And M. Loucheur

French minister of industrial reconstruction.

Lord Northcliffe

minor

British newspaper proprietor and wartime propagandist.

Mr. Barnes

minor

British Labour Party representative at the peace conference.

Great Britain

minor

Also known as herself

United Kingdom personified as a national entity.

Signor Orlando

minor

Also known as Orlando

Italian prime minister at the peace conference.

M. René Pupin

minor

Also known as M. Pupin

French economist and statistician cited in the text.

M. Dubois

minor

French delegate on the Reparation Commission.

Mr. Bonar Law

minor

British Conservative politician and later prime minister.

The Reparation Commission

supporting

Also known as the Commission

Body established to determine German reparations.

Sartorius von Waltershausen

minor

Also known as Sartorius v. Waltershausen

German economist cited on pre-war economic conditions.

Sir Sidney Low

minor

British journalist and historian mentioned in the text.