Z explained

What happens

Themes in this chapter

• Human Folly and Self-Deception

  The definition of Zany illustrates human folly through the imitation of clowns, while Zeal is described as a nervous disorder afflicting the young and inexperienced.

• Critique of Religion

  Zeus is equated with God, Gold, Mob, and Dog, and the definition of Zany includes a chain of aping from curate to devil, satirizing religious hierarchy.

Characters to notice

• Horizontalists

  Mentioned in the definition of Zenith as a heretical group that believed the posture of the body was immaterial to determining the zenith.

• Aristotle

  Cited as the universally conceded father of Zoology.

Key passages

• “The zany was progenitor to the specialist in humor, as we today have the unhappiness to know him.”

  The zany is the ancestor of the modern humorist, a fact we unfortunately recognize.

  Satirizes the degradation of humor from imitation to mere transmission.

• “Zeal A certain nervous disorder afflicting the young and inexperienced. A passion that goeth before a sprawl.”

  Zeal is a nervous condition of the young and inexperienced, a passion that precedes a fall.

  Mocks excessive enthusiasm as a precursor to failure.

• “Zeus ... adored by the Romans as Jupiter and by the modern Americans as God, Gold, Mob and Dog.”

  Zeus is worshipped by Americans under the names God, Gold, Mob, and Dog.

  Critiques American materialism and idolatry.

• “Zigzag To move forward uncertainly, from side to side, as one carrying the white man’s burden.”

  Zigzag means to move hesitantly, like someone bearing the white man's burden.

  Satirizes the imperialist notion of the 'white man's burden' as an awkward, uncertain endeavor.