Tao Te Ching · Chapter
LXXI explained
This chapter contrasts true wisdom with the pretense of knowledge, describing the recognition of one's own ignorance as the highest attainment and the false claim to knowledge as a disease.
What happens
This chapter contrasts true wisdom with the pretense of knowledge, describing the recognition of one's own ignorance as the highest attainment and the false claim to knowledge as a disease. The sage avoids this disease by being pained at the thought of it, thus preserving themselves from it.
Themes in this chapter
Paradox and Reversal
The highest knowledge is knowing that one does not know, reversing conventional valuation of certainty.
Simplicity and Humility
The sage's humility in acknowledging ignorance preserves them from the disease of false knowledge.
Characters to notice
- Laozi
Attributed author of the Tao Te Ching, presenting the paradox of knowing and not knowing.
Key passages
“To know and yet (think) we do not know is the highest (attainment); not to know (and yet think) we do know is a disease.”
Recognizing the limits of one's knowledge is the pinnacle of wisdom; pretending to know what one does not is a flaw.
Highlights the central paradox of the chapter.
“It is simply by being pained at (the thought of) having this disease that we are preserved from it.”
Only by being distressed at the idea of possessing this flaw can we avoid it.
Explains the mechanism by which the sage remains free from the disease of false knowledge.