XII explained

What happens

Themes in this chapter

• Social Class and Inequality

  Lord Marney's defense of low wages and opposition to cottages highlights the harsh realities of class division and the neglect of the poor.

• Religion and Morality

  Mr. St. Lys argues for the church's moral duty to uplift the people through art, ceremony, and spiritual guidance, critiquing the church's historical abandonment of the masses.

Characters to notice

• Lord Marney

  Defends low wages and opposes building cottages, advocating emigration to reduce population.

• Lord Mowbray

  Hosts the gathering and engages in conversation about the state of the country.

• Mr. St. Lys

  Argues for the church's role in providing spiritual and cultural sustenance, and critiques the neglect of domestic life for the poor.

• Charles Egremont

  Expresses interest in Christian architecture and engages in theological discussion with Mr. St. Lys.

• Lady Marney

  Converses with Lady Mowbray about the dullness of country life and her fondness for work.

• Lady de Mowbray

  Complains about the difficulty of conversing with local gentry and praises London friends.

Key passages

• “Eight shillings a week! Can a labouring man with a family, perhaps of eight children, live on eight shillings a week!”

  Mr. St. Lys expresses disbelief that a laborer with a large family could survive on such low wages.

  Highlights the extreme poverty of agricultural workers.

• “I build no cottages and I destroy all I can; and I am not ashamed or afraid to say so.”

  Lord Marney openly admits to reducing the housing stock to control population growth.

  Illustrates the callous attitude of the landed gentry toward the poor.

• “The church deserted the people; and from that moment the church has been in danger and the people degraded.”

  Mr. St. Lys blames the church for abandoning the common people, leading to its own decline and their moral degradation.

  Central to the chapter's religious critique.