Short Fiction · Chapter
Endnotes explained
The endnotes provide editorial annotations clarifying translations, citing literary references (e.g., Goethe's Werther, Sterne's Sentimental Journey, Milton's Paradise Lost, Richardson's Clarissa Harlowe, Prévost's Cleveland), identifying h
What happens
The endnotes provide editorial annotations clarifying translations, citing literary references (e.g., Goethe's Werther, Sterne's Sentimental Journey, Milton's Paradise Lost, Richardson's Clarissa Harlowe, Prévost's Cleveland), identifying historical figures and places (e.g., Dr. Cigna, Captain John Dundas Cochrane, Turin's botanical garden, various Russian towns), and explaining cultural terms (e.g., bête, bourka, catacombs of Kiev). They also note textual variations between translations and offer geographical coordinates for locations mentioned in the narrative.
Themes in this chapter
Fatherland and Exile
A footnote mentions the author was on duty in Piedmont when his native province of Savoy was ceded to France, highlighting themes of displacement and national identity.
Characters to notice
- Ivan Smirnoff
Mentioned in a footnote explaining his name translates to 'John the Mild,' contrasting with his character.
- Captain John Dundas Cochrane
Quoted in a footnote describing the town of Ischim from his 'Narrative of a Pedestrian Journey.'
- Doctor Cigna
Identified as a popular Turin physician when the 'Voyage' was written.
Key passages
“Bête is not translatable here. The English word “animal” is hardly nearer than “beast.” Bête is a milder word than “beast,” and when used metaphorically, implies silliness rather than brutality.”
The French word 'bête' cannot be directly translated; it is softer than 'beast' and suggests foolishness rather than cruelty when used figuratively.
Editorial clarification on translation nuance.
“The author was on duty in Piedmont, when the province of Savoy, in which he was born, was ceded back to France.”
While serving in Piedmont, the author's birthplace, Savoy, was returned to French control.
Historical context about the author's exile and loss of homeland.