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Short Fiction · Chapter

The Dreams of Chang explained

Chang, an old dog, and his master, the captain, live in a bleak Odessa garret, their fortunes fallen from their seafaring days.

What happens

Chang, an old dog, and his master, the captain, live in a bleak Odessa garret, their fortunes fallen from their seafaring days. The captain, disillusioned, preaches a single grim truth of life's futility, echoing Ecclesiastes. Chang drifts between drunken stupor and memories of a beautiful past aboard a steamer in the Red Sea. The captain dies in his sleep; Chang, devastated, witnesses the funeral and is taken in by a new master, an artist. In the end, Chang dreams of a third truth beyond death, sensing the captain's enduring presence in a universe inaccessible to mortality.

Themes in this chapter

  • Mortality and the Futility of Wealth

    The captain's death in poverty and his earlier belief in life's meaninglessness underscore the theme of mortality and the vanity of earthly pursuits.

  • Solitude and Longing

    Chang's isolation and longing for the past, as well as the captain's solitary despair, permeate the chapter.

  • The Beauty and Harshness of Nature

    The contrast between the beautiful memories of the Red Sea and the harsh Odessa winter illustrates nature's dual aspects.

Characters to notice

  • Chang

    The old, drunken dog who reflects on his past with the captain and experiences the captain's death.

  • The Gentleman from San Francisco

    Referred to as 'the captain' throughout; Chang's master who dies in the garret.

  • Ivan Bunin

    The artist who takes Chang in after the captain's death, showing compassion.

Key passages

  • Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, while the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh, when thou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them!

    The captain often quotes Ecclesiastes, urging remembrance of God before old age brings despair.

    This biblical quote encapsulates the captain's pessimistic worldview.

  • Life is a dreary, winter day in a filthy tavern, no more.

    The captain declares that life is nothing but a bleak, dirty tavern on a winter day.

    Reflects the captain's nihilistic philosophy.

  • Ah, no, no⁠—there is upon earth some third truth, that has not been made known to me!

    Chang's silent cry suggests there is a third truth beyond the two he knew, unknown to him.

    This moment of love and connection hints at a transcendent truth.