Scene IV explained

What happens

Themes in this chapter

• Kingship and Divine Right

  Richard's casual plan to seize Gaunt's wealth and his manipulation of the realm's resources highlight his abuse of royal authority.

• Loyalty and Betrayal

  Richard's distrust of Bolingbroke's loyalty is evident as he interprets Bolingbroke's humble behavior as a threat.

• Legitimacy and Usurpation

  Richard's fear of Bolingbroke's popularity and his perception of Bolingbroke as 'our subjects' next degree in hope' foreshadows the challenge to his legitimacy.

Characters to notice

• King Richard II

  Discusses Bolingbroke's departure and his popularity; plans to fund Irish wars through taxation and blank charters; wishes for Gaunt's death.

• Duke of Aumerle

  Reports on escorting Bolingbroke to the highway and describes the lack of genuine tears at parting.

• Sir John Bushy

  Brings news of John of Gaunt's sudden illness and request for the king to visit.

• Sir Henry Green

  Advises Richard to focus on the Irish rebels and expedite military action.

• Sir William Bagot

  Present with the king, observing Bolingbroke's behavior.

• John of Gaunt

  Reported as grievously sick; Richard hopes for his death to seize his wealth.

Key passages

• “How he did seem to dive into their hearts With humble and familiar courtesy, What reverence he did throw away on slaves, Wooing poor craftsmen with the craft of smiles”

  Richard describes how Bolingbroke ingratiated himself with common people through false humility and charm.

  Richard perceives Bolingbroke's behavior as a calculated attempt to win popular support.

• “Now put it, God, in the physician’s mind To help him to his grave immediately! The lining of his coffers shall make coats To deck our soldiers for these Irish wars.”

  Richard prays for Gaunt's death so he can seize his wealth to fund the Irish campaign.

  Richard's callous wish reveals his desperation for funds and disregard for family bonds.