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Poor Folk · Chapter

September 15th: My Dearest Makar Alexievitch explained

Barbara writes to Makar in distress, reporting that Monsieur Bwikov has returned to St.

What happens

Barbara writes to Makar in distress, reporting that Monsieur Bwikov has returned to St. Petersburg and has been inquiring about her whereabouts. Thedora confronted him, but he mocked her and Barbara's situation. Barbara fears his intentions and begs Makar to visit her.

Themes in this chapter

  • Exploitation and Predation

    Bwikov's return and his mocking attitude toward Barbara's poverty and virtue highlight his predatory nature and the threat he poses to her.

  • Isolation and Loneliness

    Barbara's terror and helplessness in the face of Bwikov's intrusion underscore her isolation and lack of protection.

Characters to notice

Key passages

  • I am in terrible distress. I feel sure that something is about to happen.

    Barbara is deeply anxious and senses impending trouble.

    Sets the tone of dread for the chapter.

  • He replied that a person who did not possess a groat must surely be rather badly off

    Bwikov mocked Barbara's poverty, implying her worthlessness.

    Highlights Bwikov's contempt and the theme of exploitation.

  • What if he should come again? The very thought terrifies me.

    Barbara is paralyzed by fear that Bwikov might return.

    Emphasizes her vulnerability and isolation.