Poor Folk · Chapter
June 12th: My Dearest Barbara Alexievna explained
Makar responds to Barbara's letter, praising her writing and reflecting on his thirty years of service.
What happens
Makar responds to Barbara's letter, praising her writing and reflecting on his thirty years of service. He recounts how he became a byword in his department, blamed for every mistake, and criticized for his appearance. He defends his work as a copyist, asserting his pride in earning his own bread, and expresses his devotion to Barbara, stating he does not care if he is likened to a rat as long as he is useful to her.
Themes in this chapter
Human Dignity and Self-Worth
Makar defends his dignity as a copyist, asserting pride in his earned bread and rejecting shame for his lowly position.
Bureaucracy and Dehumanization
Makar describes how he became a byword in his department, blamed for everything, and criticized for his appearance, illustrating the dehumanizing nature of bureaucratic life.
Isolation and Loneliness
Makar's recounting of persecution and his feeling of being a burden reflects his isolation, though he finds solace in his connection with Barbara.
Characters to notice
- Makar Alexievitch Dievushkin
Writes to Barbara, reflecting on his long service, persecution by colleagues, and pride in his work as a copyist.
- Barbara Alexievna Dobroselova
Addressee of the letter; Makar praises her beautiful writing and expresses his need for her.
- Evstafi Ivanovitch
Mentioned as having told Makar that the greatest social virtue is the ability to get money to spend.
Key passages
“I may say that at first I was much pleased with my new uniform; and, as I grew older, I grew in mind, and fell to studying my fellow-men.”
Makar recalls his early enthusiasm for his uniform and how he matured by observing people around him.
Reflects his initial optimism and later disillusionment with his colleagues.
“It is my own crust of bread that I eat; and though that crust is but a poor one, and sometimes actually a maggoty one, it has at least been earned, and therefore, is being put to a right and lawful use.”
Makar asserts that his meager earnings, however poor, are honestly earned and therefore legitimate.
Highlights his pride in honest labor despite poverty.
“Even if I be likened to a rat, I do not care, provided that that particular rat be wanted by you, and be of use in the world, and be retained in its position, and receive its reward.”
Makar says he does not mind being compared to a rat as long as he is needed by Barbara and serves a purpose.
Shows his deep devotion to Barbara and his acceptance of his lowly status.