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Poor Folk · Chapter

July 28th: Dearest Little Barbara explained

Makar writes to Barbara, defending his actions after his debauch and public humiliation.

What happens

Makar writes to Barbara, defending his actions after his debauch and public humiliation. He explains that his distress was driven by rumors of an improper suitor visiting her, and recounts being thrown down the stairs by officers. He reflects on his pride, his love for her, and his sense of fate, while also noting his illness and loss of gaiety.

Themes in this chapter

  • Isolation and Loneliness

    Makar describes his pitiable position, hiding from Barbara, and feeling driven to extremities by the rabble.

  • Human Dignity and Self-Worth

    Makar's pride suffers a fall after the public humiliation, and he reflects on his loss of self-esteem.

Characters to notice

  • Makar Alexievitch Dievushkin

    Narrates his defense and explanation of his debauch, public humiliation, and love for Barbara.

  • Barbara Alexievna Dobroselova

    Recipient of the letter; Makar addresses her accusations and expresses his devotion.

  • Thedora

    Mentioned as the source of the rumor about an unworthy suitor visiting Barbara.

  • Emelia Ilyitch

    Accompanied Makar during his distress and urged him to visit the officer.

  • Peter Petrovitch

    Referenced in Makar's comparison of his own humiliation to a past incident involving Aksenti Osipovitch.

Key passages

  • Indeed, your last letter has amazed and confounded me⁠—so much so that, on once more looking into the recesses of my heart, I perceive that I was perfectly right in what I did.

    Your letter shocked me, but after deep reflection, I believe my actions were justified.

    Makar defends his behavior despite Barbara's criticism.

  • What occurred that night between myself and those officers I scarcely know, I scarcely remember.

    I barely recall what happened that night with the officers.

    Makar's memory of the confrontation is hazy.

  • Then they turned me out of the room, and threw me down the staircase⁠—pushed me down it, that is to say.

    They threw me out and pushed me down the stairs.

    Describes the physical humiliation he endured.