Themes & patterns

The novel explores how the pursuit and possession of money corrupts individuals and relationships, as seen in the Boffins' transformation after inheriting wealth, the greed of characters like Silas Wegg, and the pervasive influence of money on social standing and morality.

Dickens examines the rigid class structure of Victorian England and the struggles of characters like the Wilfer family, the Boffins, and John Rokesmith to navigate social hierarchies, often highlighting the hypocrisy and pretensions of the upper classes.

The theme of hidden or mistaken identity is central, with characters like John Harmon assuming the alias John Rokesmith, and others concealing their true natures, reflecting the novel's concern with authenticity versus deception.

Death pervades the narrative, from the opening scene of a body pulled from the Thames to the constant presence of the river as a symbol of mortality, and characters like Betty Higden who seek a dignified death rather than the workhouse.

The novel contrasts genuine love, as between Bella Wilfer and John Rokesmith, with mercenary marriages driven by money and social ambition, such as the Lammles' union and Eugene Wrayburn's arranged match.

Dickens critiques the hypocrisy of charitable institutions and individuals, particularly through the workhouse system and the condescending attitudes of the wealthy, while presenting genuine kindness in characters like the Boffins and Betty Higden.

The Thames serves as a powerful symbol of life, death, and renewal, with characters like Gaffer Hexam and Rogue Riderhood making their living from its dead, and the river acting as a site of both tragedy and transformation.

The novel explores the role of education in social advancement, particularly through Bradley Headstone's self-made status as a schoolmaster and Charley Hexam's ambitious drive, while also showing the limitations and dangers of such striving.