All chapters

On the Eve · Chapter

VI explained

Elena Stahova, now nearly twenty, reflects on her solitary and emotionally intense youth.

What happens

Elena Stahova, now nearly twenty, reflects on her solitary and emotionally intense youth. She recalls her childhood friendship with a beggar girl, Katya, her thirst for active well-doing, and her inner turmoil. After a conversation with Bersenyev, she is moved to tears of passion and longing under the night sky.

Themes in this chapter

  • Individual vs. Society

    Elena's solitary struggle and her desire for active well-doing set her apart from her family and society's expectations.

  • Gender Roles and Autonomy

    Elena's independence from her parents and her yearning for a purposeful life challenge the passive feminine ideal of her time.

  • Fate and Idealism

    Elena's idealistic dreams of helping the poor and her emotional turmoil reflect a conflict between her ideals and her reality.

Characters to notice

  • Elena Nikolaevna Stahova

    Elena is the focal point of the chapter, reflecting on her past, her solitary nature, and her emotional struggles.

  • Andrei Petrovitch Bersenyev

    Bersenyev is mentioned as the subject of Elena's thoughts after their conversation.

  • Katya

    Katya is the beggar girl with whom Elena formed a deep childhood friendship, which ended with Katya's death.

  • Nikolai Artemyevitch Stahov

    Elena's father is mentioned as critical of her compassion for animals and her 'queer ways.'

  • Anna Vassilyevna Stahova

    Elena's mother is noted as having entrusted Elena's education to a governess and being shocked by Elena's singing a soldier's song.

Key passages

  • She was exacting beyond all bounds, even her prayers had more than once been mingled with reproaches.

    Elena was extremely demanding, and sometimes even her prayers included complaints.

    Highlights Elena's intense and critical nature.

  • All ill-used creatures, starved dogs, cats condemned to death, sparrows fallen out of the nest, even insects and reptiles found a champion and protector in Elena; she fed them herself, and felt no repugnance for them.

    Elena protected and fed all suffering animals, from dogs and cats to insects, without any disgust.

    Illustrates Elena's deep compassion for the vulnerable.

  • She struggled like a bird in a cage, and cage there was none; no one oppressed her, no one restrained her, while she was torn, and fretted within.

    Elena felt trapped and restless, even though no one was actually confining her.

    Conveys Elena's internal sense of confinement and yearning for freedom.