Enlargement of Horizon explained

What happens

Themes in this chapter

• Revolution and Social Upheaval

  The chapter captures the ideological clash between Bonapartism and republicanism, central to the revolutionary spirit of the era.

• The Human Condition and Fate

  Marius's passionate defense of Napoleon and the sudden shift to the ideal of freedom reflect the human struggle between glory and liberty.

Characters to notice

• Marius Pontmercy

  Passionately defends Napoleon's legacy, arguing for the Emperor's greatness against the republican ideals of his friends.

• Enjolras

  Remains silent initially, then counters Marius's praise of Napoleon with the assertion that France needs no Corsica to be great, and later declares 'my mother is the Republic.'

• Combeferre

  Responds to Marius's epic praise of Napoleon with the simple, powerful word 'To be free,' and later sings a song about choosing a mother over glory.

• Grantaire

  Participates in the jesting and quips among the group before the serious discussion begins.

• Bahorel

  Engages in the banter and assumes a characteristic posture, but stops to listen when the debate intensifies.

• Bossuet

  Initiates the serious turn by mentioning the date 'June 18th, 1815, Waterloo.'

• Courfeyrac

  Comments on the number 18 as Bonaparte's fatal number, linking it to his destiny.

• Jean Prouvaire

  One of the young men fencing in the conversation, though not directly quoted.

Key passages

• “To be free.”

  Combeferre counters Marius's epic praise of Napoleon with the simple, profound ideal of freedom.

  This moment marks a turning point in the debate, shifting from glorification of conquest to the value of liberty.

• “Citizen, my mother is the Republic.”

  Enjolras declares his ultimate loyalty to the Republic, rejecting personal or imperial allegiances.

  Enjolras's statement encapsulates the republican ideal that transcends family and individual glory.