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Leaves of Grass · Chapter

City of Ships explained

The poet celebrates the city as a global hub of commerce and diversity, then shifts to a warlike tone, declaring that war now replaces peace as his song.

What happens

The poet celebrates the city as a global hub of commerce and diversity, then shifts to a warlike tone, declaring that war now replaces peace as his song.

Themes in this chapter

  • America and Its People

    The city is portrayed as a global gathering of all races and lands, celebrating diversity and contribution.

  • The Poet as Prophet and Unifier

    The poet incarnates the city and declares war as his song, acting as a prophetic voice for the nation.

Characters to notice

  • Narrator

    The speaker who chants and celebrates the city, then declares war as his song.

  • America

    The city embodies America as a world city where all races contribute.

Key passages

  • City of ships! (O the black ships! O the fierce ships! O the beautiful sharp-bow’d steam-ships and sail-ships!)

    The poet exclaims over the variety of ships in the city's harbor.

    Opens with an apostrophe to the city's maritime character.

  • War, red war is my song through your streets, O city!

    The poet now sings of war instead of peace as he moves through the city.

    Climactic shift from peace to war, reflecting the Civil War context.

Leaves of Grass — City of Ships Explained