The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin · Chapter
X: Poor Richard’s Almanac and Other Activities explained
Franklin describes the creation and success of Poor Richard's Almanac, which he used to promote industry and frugality through proverbs.
What happens
Franklin describes the creation and success of Poor Richard's Almanac, which he used to promote industry and frugality through proverbs. He also discusses his newspaper's ethical standards, a partnership in Charleston, the Hemphill controversy, his language studies, the expansion of the Junto through subordinate clubs, his election as clerk of the General Assembly, and his appointment as postmaster.
Themes in this chapter
Industry and Frugality
Franklin filled the Almanac with proverbs promoting industry and frugality as means to wealth and virtue.
Education and Self-Learning
Franklin studied French, Italian, and Spanish; he also advocated for female education in accounting.
Practical Wisdom and Common Sense
Franklin's method of winning over an opponent by requesting a book loan exemplifies practical wisdom.
The Value of Networking and Reputation
Franklin expanded his influence through subordinate clubs and maintained a reputation for clear accounting.
Characters to notice
- Benjamin Franklin
Author and narrator; publishes Poor Richard's Almanac, runs a newspaper, studies languages, and becomes clerk of the General Assembly and postmaster.
- Poor Richard
Pseudonym used by Franklin for the Almanac; the wise old man character in the 1757 preface.
- James Foster
Dr. Foster's sermon was plagiarized by Hemphill, leading to Hemphill's downfall.
- Colonel Spotswood
Postmaster-general who appointed Franklin as deputy postmaster in Philadelphia in 1737.
- Andrew Bradford
Franklin's old competitor; lost the postmaster position due to negligence in accounting.
Key passages
“it is hard for an empty sack to stand upright”
A person in need finds it difficult to act honestly.
Franklin uses this proverb to illustrate the connection between financial security and virtue.
“He that has once done you a kindness will be more ready to do you another, than he whom you yourself have obliged.”
Someone who has already helped you is more likely to help again than someone you have helped.
Franklin reflects on this maxim after winning over a political opponent by requesting a favor.