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Short Works · Chapter

CXXXVIII explained

A single, powerful aphorism advising the cultivation of contentment as the ultimate and unassailable defense.

What happens

A single, powerful aphorism advising the cultivation of contentment as the ultimate and unassailable defense.

Themes in this chapter

  • Moderation and Simplicity

    Contentment is presented as the key virtue of a simple, self-sufficient life.

  • Inner Freedom and Slavery

    Contentment is framed as the fortress that protects one's inner freedom from external assaults and desires.

Characters to notice

  • Epictetus

    The author of the aphorism, delivering the core Stoic instruction.

Key passages

  • Fortify yourself with contentment, for this is an impregnable fortress.

    Make contentment your primary defense; nothing from the outside can breach it.

    A concise metaphor equating the internal state of contentment with ultimate security.