Essays · Chapter
Character explained
This chapter explores the nature of true character as a supreme, natural force that transcends intellect and imitation.
What happens
This chapter explores the nature of true character as a supreme, natural force that transcends intellect and imitation. Character is presented as a moral power that emanates from an individual, influencing others like gravity, and is the conscience of society. It distinguishes between men of character, who are aligned with principles and truth, and the 'feeble souls' who are swayed by events and opinion. The essay argues that character cannot be fabricated or democratized, and it celebrates the nonconformity and solitude of the divinely-endowed individual.
Themes in this chapter
Heroism and Character
The entire chapter is a treatise on character as a supreme, natural moral force. It defines men of character as the 'conscience of society,' who are aligned with truth and principle, contrasting them with those who worship events and opinion.
Self-Reliance
Exemplified through the 'nonconformity' of divinely-endowed individuals who ignore society's laws and gospels, finding sweetness in their own 'simple rural poverty.' Character is shown to need room and solitude, not the crowd's approval.
Prudence vs. Soul
Draws a sharp distinction between the 'feeble souls' who look at the 'profit or hurt' of action (prudence) and men of character who are governed by principle and soul, for whom 'the event is ancillary.'
Characters to notice
- The Narrator (Emerson)
Reflects on personal encounters with individuals of high character, analyzes the nature of moral power, and warns against idolizing public opinion.
- Napoleon Bonaparte
Referenced for his phrase 'victory organized,' used to describe divinely endowed persons of character.
- Aeschylus
Cited as a 'favorite book' of individuals with deep character, representing a personal stake in great works.
- Dante Alighieri
Mentioned alongside other literary giants as a book to which individuals of character feel a devoted, personal connection.
- William Shakespeare
Named as an author whose works are cherished by those with character, forming part of their intellectual and spiritual property.
Key passages
“Character is nature in the highest form.”
True character represents the pinnacle of natural expression, not something that can be artificially created or contested.
Establishes character as an organic, supreme force.
“The reason why we feel one man’s presence and do not feel another’s is as simple as gravity.”
The influence of a person's character is a fundamental natural force, as undeniable and palpable as gravity.
Uses a scientific analogy to describe moral power.
“Men of character are the conscience of the society to which they belong.”
Individuals of strong moral character serve as the living ethical guide for their community.
Defines the social role of the person of character.
“What have I gained... if I quake at opinion, the public opinion...? If I quake, what matters it what I quake at?”
There is no real progress in abandoning ancient superstitions if we simply transfer our fear to modern idols like public opinion.
Critiques the modern substitution of social anxiety for religious fear.