Elmer Gantry · Chapter
Chapter XXIX explained
Elmer Gantry, with the help of T.J.
What happens
Elmer Gantry, with the help of T.J. Rigg, orchestrates a campaign against Frank Shallard, using Frank's liberal views to discredit him and lure wealthy deacon William Dollinger Styles away from his church. Frank is confronted by Elmer and his own deacons, admits his doubts about Christ's divinity, and faces a church trial, while Elmer and Rigg scheme to bring Styles into their congregation.
Themes in this chapter
Hypocrisy and Corruption in Religion
Elmer and Rigg manipulate church politics and use underhanded tactics to destroy Frank's career for personal gain.
Faith vs. Skepticism
Frank's honest doubts about Christ's divinity and a personal God clash with Elmer's dogmatic certainty and the congregation's expectations.
Manipulation and Showmanship in Evangelism
Elmer uses his public platform and personal charm to sway William Dollinger Styles and discredit Frank.
Characters to notice
- Elmer Gantry
Orchestrates a campaign against Frank Shallard, using his heresies to attract William Dollinger Styles to his church.
- Frank Shallard
Publicly admits his doubts about Christ's divinity and a personal God, leading to a church trial.
- T. J. Rigg
Advises Elmer on how to exploit Frank's heresies and schemes to bring William Dollinger Styles to their church.
- William Dollinger Styles
Wealthy deacon who is courted by Elmer and Rigg, and turns against Frank after his confession.
- Bess Shallard
Frank's wife, who wearily suggests he resign to avoid trouble.
- Mr. Pengilly
Sends a letter to Frank urging him to stand true and not abandon his flock.
Key passages
“I was awfully sorry, Mr. Styles, to feel it my duty to jump on your pastor, Mr. Shallard, last Sunday, but when a fellow stands up and makes fun of Jesus Christ—well, it's time to forget mercy!”
Elmer feigns regret for attacking Frank, justifying it as a necessary defense of Christ.
Elmer uses false piety to manipulate Styles.
“Why don't you just resign before we kick you out?”
Styles tells Frank to leave the ministry voluntarily to avoid being forced out.
Styles turns against Frank after his confession.
“I've done nothing for which to resign! I've led a thoroughly decent life. I haven't lied or been indecent or stolen. I've preached imagination, happiness, justice, seeking for the truth.”
Frank insists he has no reason to resign, as he has lived ethically and preached positive values.
Frank defends his integrity against the accusations.