Clarissa · Chapter
Letter 191: Mr. Lovelace, to John Belford, Esq. explained
Lovelace defends his scheme to test Clarissa's virtue, dismissing Belford's moralizing and asserting his intention to overcome her resistance.
What happens
Lovelace defends his scheme to test Clarissa's virtue, dismissing Belford's moralizing and asserting his intention to overcome her resistance. He discusses his plan to use his family's influence to secure Clarissa's trust, mocks Belford's concern for his dying uncle, and offers to assist their friend Belton.
Themes in this chapter
Libertinism and Morality
Lovelace explicitly defends his libertine philosophy, arguing that resistance inflames desire and that virtue must be tested.
Deception and Appearance vs. Reality
Lovelace plans to use his family's names and a fabricated letter to deceive Clarissa, revealing the gap between appearance and intent.
Power and Manipulation
Lovelace revels in his power over Clarissa and others, threatening Belford with silence and plotting to manipulate his family.
Characters to notice
- Robert Lovelace
Writes to Belford, defending his designs on Clarissa and mocking Belford's scruples.
- John Belford
Recipient of the letter; Lovelace criticizes his 'wambling nonsense' and concern for his dying uncle.
- Clarissa Harlowe
Referred to as 'this matchless creature' and 'my goddess'; the object of Lovelace's trial of virtue.
- James Harlowe Jr.
Called a 'vile instrument' by Lovelace, who vows to see him and his sister undone.
- Arabella Harlowe
Mentioned alongside her brother as an object of Lovelace's future revenge.
- Lord M.
Lovelace plans to use his letter to further his designs; recalls childhood aversion to his proverbs.
Key passages
“It is resistance that inflames desire, Sharpens the darts of love, and blows its fire. Love is disarm'd that meets with too much ease; He languishes, and does not care to please.”
Lovelace argues that difficulty and resistance heighten romantic passion, while easy conquest leads to indifference.
Lovelace uses verse to justify his pursuit of Clarissa as a test of virtue.
“What signifies power, if we do not exert it?”
Lovelace asserts that power is meaningless unless it is actively used to control or punish others.
Reflects Lovelace's manipulative nature and his enjoyment of exercising control.
“I do intend to endeavour to overcome myself; but I must first try, if I cannot overcome this lady.”
Lovelace claims he will eventually reform, but only after attempting to conquer Clarissa's virtue.
Highlights Lovelace's self-deception and prioritization of his libertine goals over genuine change.