Clarissa · Chapter
Letter 153: Mr. Lovelace, to John Belford, Esq. explained
Lovelace writes to Belford about his conflicted feelings as preparations for London proceed.
What happens
Lovelace writes to Belford about his conflicted feelings as preparations for London proceed. He struggles with his own villainous impulses, observing Clarissa's dejection and vulnerability. He contemplates the possibility of marriage but fears a joyless union, and instead fantasizes about a life of 'honour' with her outside wedlock. He also describes his method of testing a woman's virtue through indecent materials.
Themes in this chapter
Libertinism and Morality
Lovelace openly debates his own villainous nature and his desire to overcome it, while also plotting seduction.
Deception and Appearance vs. Reality
Lovelace describes his method of testing virtue through seemingly innocent materials, revealing the gap between appearance and intent.
Suffering and Redemption
Clarissa's grief and dejection are highlighted, and Lovelace prays for her restoration to health.
Characters to notice
- Robert Lovelace
Writes to Belford, expressing inner turmoil and plotting tendencies.
- John Belford
Recipient of Lovelace's letter; Lovelace addresses him directly.
- Clarissa Harlowe
Described as low, dejected, and weeping after receiving her sister's letter.
- Mrs. Sorlings
The widow Sorlings, upon whose bosom Clarissa reposes after a fit.
- Arabella Harlowe
Mentioned as the 'execrable sister' whose letter caused Clarissa's distress.
Key passages
“What makes my heart beat so strong? Why rises it to my throat in such half-choking flutters, when I think of what this removal may do for me?”
Lovelace wonders why his heart pounds and his throat tightens at the thought of moving to London.
Reveals Lovelace's anxiety and anticipation about the impending move.
“The dear creature continues extremely low and dejected. Tender blossom! how unfit to contend with the rude and ruffling winds of passion, and haughty and insolent control!”
Clarissa remains very sad and fragile, like a delicate flower unable to withstand harsh treatment.
Shows Lovelace's perception of Clarissa's vulnerability.
“I have tried a young creature by a bad book, a light quotation, or an indecent picture; and if she has borne that, or only blushed, and not been angry; and more especially if she has leered and smiled; that girl have I, and old Satan, put down for our own.”
Lovelace tests a woman's virtue by exposing her to inappropriate material; if she tolerates it or shows amusement, he considers her easy prey.
Illustrates Lovelace's manipulative and predatory methods.