Chivalry · Chapter
The Story of the Sestina explained
Dame Alianora, Queen of England, seeks out the clerk Osmund Heleigh, a former troubadour who once loved her, to guide her through hostile territory to Bristol after the Barons' War.
What happens
Dame Alianora, Queen of England, seeks out the clerk Osmund Heleigh, a former troubadour who once loved her, to guide her through hostile territory to Bristol after the Barons' War. During their journey, old wounds and illusions are exposed, and Heleigh ultimately sacrifices his life in her cause, dying in a combat with Gui Camoys.
Themes in this chapter
Chivalry and Its Code
Heleigh's service to the Queen, his combat with Camoys, and his dying words reflect chivalric ideals of loyalty and sacrifice.
Love and Domnei (Lady-Service)
Heleigh's youthful love for Alianora, expressed through his Sestina, and his continued devotion despite disillusionment.
Illusion vs. Reality
The contrast between the idealized past (the Sestina, the boy and girl) and the harsh present of war, fear, and political manipulation.
Sacrifice and Suffering
Heleigh's death in the Queen's cause and his acceptance of his fate as a 'maiden venture at a man's work.'
Characters to notice
- Dame Alianora
The Queen, disguised and in adversity, seeks Heleigh's aid to reach Bristol and free her son Prince Edward.
- Osmund Heleigh
A scholarly clerk and former troubadour who once loved Alianora; he agrees to guide her and dies defending her cause.
- Gui Camoys
Brings Heleigh's body to Bristol under a flag of truce, acknowledging Heleigh's honorable conduct.
- Prince Edward
Alianora's son, imprisoned at Wallingford, whom she seeks to liberate.
- Count Manuel
Mentioned as a former lover of Alianora and rumored father of Prince Edward.
Key passages
“Armatz de fust e de fer e d'acier, Mos ostal seran bosc, fregz, e semdier, E mas cansos sestinas e descortz, E mantenrai los frevols contra 'ls fortz.”
Armed with wood and iron and steel, my dwellings will be woods, cold, and paths, and my songs will be sestinas and discords, and I will maintain the weak against the strong.
The epigraph sets the tone for Heleigh's role as a defender of the weak.
“I have no politics. I am the Queen's man, madame.”
Heleigh declares his personal loyalty to Alianora above any political faction.
Highlights his chivalric devotion.
“You gave me gallant service, and I have requited you with death, and it is a great pity.”
Alianora mourns that her request for aid has led to Heleigh's fatal combat.
Reflects the theme of sacrifice.
“Love sows, but lovers reap; and ye will see The loved eyes lighten, feel the loved lips cling Never again when in the grave ye be Incurious of your happiness in spring, And get no grace of Love, there, whither he That bartered life for love no love may bring.”
Love's rewards are only for the living; in death, one no longer cares for earthly joys or love's gifts.
Heleigh's defiant song as he rides to his death.