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Beyond Good and Evil · Chapter

98 explained

A single, aphoristic reflection on the paradoxical nature of a trained conscience, which both rewards and punishes.

What happens

A single, aphoristic reflection on the paradoxical nature of a trained conscience, which both rewards and punishes.

Themes in this chapter

  • Psychology as the Fundamental Science

    The aphorism is a psychological observation, analyzing the complex, dualistic relationship one has with an internalized moral faculty.

Characters to notice

  • The Narrator

    Presents the aphorism, offering a psychological insight into the nature of conscience.

Key passages

  • When one trains one’s conscience, it kisses one while it bites.

    A cultivated conscience provides the reward of self-approval (a kiss) simultaneously with the pain of self-reproach (a bite).

    Highlights the internal duality and ambivalence of a developed moral sense.