Analects · Chapter
XXIV explained
Confucius warns against improper sacrifice as flattery and emphasizes the courage required to act on what is right.
What happens
Confucius warns against improper sacrifice as flattery and emphasizes the courage required to act on what is right.
Themes in this chapter
Ritual and Propriety
Confucius warns against improper sacrifice, emphasizing that ritual acts must be aligned with proper relationships and not used as flattery.
The Superior Man
The superior man is characterized by the courage to act on what is right, a central virtue in Confucian ethics.
Characters to notice
- Confucius
Delivers two moral maxims on flattery and courage.
Key passages
“For a man to sacrifice to a spirit which does not belong to him is flattery.”
Offering sacrifices to a spirit that is not your own is an act of flattery.
Confucius criticizes improper ritual acts as a form of flattery.
“To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage.”
Seeing what is right and failing to act on it is a lack of courage.
Confucius emphasizes the importance of moral courage.