Analects · Chapter
Chapter XVIII explained
Confucius instructs on the proper conduct of a son in serving his parents, emphasizing gentle remonstration, persistent reverence, and unwavering purpose even in the face of punishment.
What happens
Confucius instructs on the proper conduct of a son in serving his parents, emphasizing gentle remonstration, persistent reverence, and unwavering purpose even in the face of punishment.
Themes in this chapter
Filial Piety
The central theme, detailing the proper way to remonstrate with parents while maintaining reverence and purpose.
Ritual and Propriety
The prescribed behavior of a son, including gentle remonstration and increased reverence, exemplifies proper conduct.
Characters to notice
- Confucius
Provides instruction on the proper attitude and conduct of a son towards his parents.
Key passages
“In serving his parents, a son may remonstrate with them, but gently; when he sees that they do not incline to follow his advice, he shows an increased degree of reverence, but does not abandon his purpose; and should they punish him, he does not allow himself to murmur.”
When a son sees his parents doing wrong, he should advise them, but with a gentle and respectful manner. If they do not listen, he should not give up, but instead become even more respectful and continue to hold his purpose. Even if they punish him for his persistence, he should not complain.
This paraphrase clarifies the expected behavior of a filial son when his parents are at fault.