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Analects · Chapter

XI explained

Confucius defines filial piety by observing a man's will while his father lives and his conduct after his father's death, emphasizing that not altering the father's way for three years marks one as filial.

What happens

Confucius defines filial piety by observing a man's will while his father lives and his conduct after his father's death, emphasizing that not altering the father's way for three years marks one as filial.

Themes in this chapter

  • Filial Piety

    The chapter directly addresses filial conduct, emphasizing respect and continuity after a father's death.

Characters to notice

  • Confucius

    Delivers the teaching on filial piety.

Key passages

  • While a man’s father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial.

    Observe a person's intentions while his father lives, and his actions after his father dies. If he continues his father's path for three years, he is truly filial.

    Confucius emphasizes the importance of consistency in filial behavior.