All chapters

American Indian Stories · Chapter

II explained

After nine winters at a mission school, the narrator returns to his tribe as a Christian preacher, only to find his father gravely ill and his mother grieving.

What happens

After nine winters at a mission school, the narrator returns to his tribe as a Christian preacher, only to find his father gravely ill and his mother grieving. He struggles to reconcile his new faith with his people's traditions, ultimately driving away the medicine-man, which causes his father to despair.

Themes in this chapter

  • Cultural Displacement and Assimilation

    The narrator returns as a stranger in his own village, wearing foreign clothes and carrying a foreign Bible, unable to reconnect with his family's traditions.

  • Spirituality vs. Christianity

    The narrator's Christian faith clashes with the medicine-man's healing rituals, leading to a confrontation that deepens his father's despair.

  • Loss of Identity and Belonging

    Despite sitting between his parents, the narrator feels alienated, separated by 'ideas and faiths' and unable to fulfill his intended role as a warrior and huntsman.

Characters to notice

  • Ohiyesa

    The narrator, returning as a Christian missionary after nine winters at a mission school.

  • Mother

    Sits with bowed head, weeping over her husband's illness, spiritually separated from her son.

  • Uncle

    The old warrior who leads the narrator to his father's teepee and advises him to wait outside.

Key passages

  • Nine winters’ snows had buried deep that night when my old grandmother, together with my father and mother, designed my future with the glow of a camp fire upon it.

    Nine years had passed since my grandmother, father, and mother planned my future by the campfire.

    Sets the scene of lost potential and the passage of time.

  • With the white man’s Bible in my hand, and the white man’s tender heart in my breast, I returned to my own people.

    Carrying the white man's Bible and adopting his compassionate heart, I came back to my tribe.

    Highlights the narrator's internal conflict and assimilation.

  • Wearing a foreigner’s dress, I walked, a stranger, into my father’s village.

    Dressed in foreign clothes, I entered my father's village as an outsider.

    Emphasizes the theme of displacement and loss of identity.

  • Alike our throats were choked and tears were streaming from our eyes; but far apart in spirit our ideas and faiths separated us.

    We both wept, but our beliefs and spirits were deeply divided.

    Illustrates the emotional and spiritual rift between the narrator and his mother.

  • Useless was my attempt to change the faith in the medicine-man to that abstract power named God.

    My efforts to replace belief in the medicine-man with faith in God were futile.

    Shows the failure of the narrator's missionary work within his own family.