Against the Grain · Chapter
Against the Grain explained
The chapter explores Des Esseintes' deep disillusionment with society and his retreat into an artificial, aesthetic world.
What happens
The chapter explores Des Esseintes' deep disillusionment with society and his retreat into an artificial, aesthetic world. It details his contemplation of decadent Latin literature, his admiration for Gustave Moreau's Salomé, and his memories of D'Aigurande's marriage, all while he experiences nervous collapse and hallucinations.
Themes in this chapter
Decadence and Degeneracy
Des Esseintes' obsession with decay and decline is central, seen in his taste for decadent Latin literature and his nervous disorders.
Artifice vs. Nature
The chapter emphasizes Des Esseintes' preference for artificial environments over the natural world, as he designs his house and rejects society.
Characters to notice
- Des Esseintes
The protagonist, retreating from society into an artificial environment.
- Gustave Moreau
Admired for his painting of Salomé, which deeply affects Des Esseintes.
- Salomé
The subject of Moreau's painting, symbolizing decadence and sensuality.
- D'Aigurande
Recalled in a memory of her marriage, reflecting Des Esseintes' past.
- Charles Baudelaire
Referenced as a key influence on Des Esseintes' aesthetic and worldview.
Key passages
“He had reached the point where he could no longer endure the sight of the human face.”
Des Esseintes became so disgusted with people that he could not bear to look at them.
Illustrates his extreme misanthropy and desire for solitude.
“The artificial seemed to him the distinctive mark of human genius.”
Des Esseintes believed that artifice was the true sign of human creativity.
Highlights the theme of artifice vs. nature.